Dietary, social, and environmental determinants of obesity in Kenyan women

Steyn, Nelia P.; Nel, Johanna H.; Parker, Whadi-ah; Ayah, Rosemary; Mbithe, Dorcus

doi:10.1177/1403494810384426

Cited by 77 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The higher proportion of overweight member women reflects this transition and is an area of concern. Energy from saturated fat remained below the recommended level (10 %) and median intake was lower than that reported previously for rural Kenyan women (17?2 g/d) (53) . However, energy from saturated fat and Na were positively associated with membership duration.…”

Section: Nutrition Transitioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Associations of diet quality with dairy group membership, membership duration and non-membership for Kenyan farm women and children: a comparative study

Walton

Taylor

VanLeeuwen

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To examine associations among diet quality and dairy group membership, membership duration and non-member status for women and school-aged children in rural Kenya. Design: A cross-sectional survey, using chain referral sampling, was conducted and diet quality indices and prevalence of inadequate intake (PII) were estimated using the 'estimated average requirement' cut-off point method from single 24 h recalls, using a Kenyan nutrient database. PII was compared among members and non-members and among membership-duration groups. Subjects: Women and children of dairy group members (n 88), across membership-duration groups (1-3, 4-6, 7-9 and 101 years), and non-members (n 23) living among members. Setting: Small farms in central Kenya. Results: Members had higher energy, percentage of energy from animal-source foods and dietary diversity. Member women and children had lower PII for respectively seven and three of eleven micronutrients. Reduced PII for milk-source micronutrients was associated with membership duration for women. Many member women (38 %) had inadequate vitamin A intake and 39 % of member children had inadequate Zn intake. Members' PII was also high (.45 %) for Fe, Ca and vitamin B 12 . A higher prevalence of being overweight among member women compared with non-member women suggested nutrition transition effects of higher farm productivity. Conclusions: Dairy group membership was positively associated with adequate quantity and quality of diets for women and children. Long-term membership was insufficient to address micronutrient deficiencies. Understanding and addressing barriers to better diet quality and strategies to mitigate negative nutrition transition effects are needed to optimize nutritional outcomes of dairy group membership.

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Section: Nutrition Transitioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Associations of diet quality with dairy group membership, membership duration and non-membership for Kenyan farm women and children: a comparative study

Walton

Taylor

VanLeeuwen

et al. 2012

Public Health Nutr.

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“…These associations were independent of behavioural factors including physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, and results of the structural equation model confirmed that the association was not mediated by lifestyle. The sex-specific associations highlight the complexity of the association between SES and BMI with studies showing both positive and negative associations in both sexes [10,32,33]. Puoane et al, using data from the South African Demographic and Health Survey, have shown that the association between education and BMI may not be linear in South African women as they showed that women with no formal education and women with tertiary education had a lower BMI than women with some schooling [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Micklesfield

Kagura

Munthali

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: There is a high and increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity in South Africans of all ages. Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity must be identified to provide targets for intervention. Objective: To identify the demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors associated with body mass index (BMI) in middle-aged black South African men and women. Methods: Data on demographic and socio-economic factors were collected via questionnaire on 1027 men and 1008 women from Soweto Johannesburg, South Africa. Weight and height were measured and BMI was determined. Behavioural factors included tobacco use and consumption of alcohol, and physical activity data were collected using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Menopausal status was determined for the women, and HIV status was available for 93.6% of the men and 39.9% of the women. Results: Significantly more women were overweight or obese than men (87.9 vs. 44.9%). Smoking prevalence (current or former) and minutes spent in moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity was significantly different between the sexes (both p < 0.0001). In the final hierarchical model, marital status (+ married/cohabiting), household asset score (+), current smoking (-), moderate to vigorous physical activity (-) and HIV status (- HIV infected) significantly contributed to 26% of the variance in BMI in the men. In the women, home language (Tswana-speaking compared to Zulu-speaking), marital status (+ unmarried/cohabiting), education (-), current smoking (-) and HIV status (- HIV infected) significantly contributed to 14% of the variance in BMI. Conclusions: The sex difference in BMI and the prevalence of overweight and obesity between black South African men and women from Soweto, as well as the sex-specific associations with various demographic, socio-economic and behavioural factors, highlight the need for more tailored interventions to slow down the obesity epidemic.

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“…In this chapter, the models for eastern and western Turkey are estimated by regressing the RIFR of BMI on the vector of covariates for each quartile 3 : where (12) where is the quantile of BMI, is the unconditional quantile of BMI for eastern and western Turkey, is the unconditional density of BMI at τth quantile, is an indicator function for whether outcome variable is smaller or equal to the τth quantile, is the vector of covariates and is the coefficient of the RIF regression that captures the marginal effect of a change in distribution of characteristic on the unconditional quantile of BMI. Therefore the difference between eastern and western Turkey (11) at the τth quantile of BMI can be decomposed into composition and structural effects as follows: (13) (14) (15) then structural and composition effect can be written in terms of the sum of contribution of each covariate as: (16) (17) where indicates the omitted group effect, and indicate the element of and at quartile respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, economists have focused on socio-economic status as a determinant of obesity, in both developed and developing countries, and have generally obtained quite different results [3], [5], [6], [8]- [12]. Broadly speaking, obesity is more prevalent among lower socio-economic groups (than among their better-off counterparts) in developed countries, while in developing countries it is more prevalent among higher socio-economic groups [9], [13]- [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Steyn et al [12], Dake et al [20] and Khan and Kraemer [26] investigated obesity in Kenya and in Ghana and in Bangladesh respectively, and all found that individuals in higher SES groups have higher obesity rates than their less-well-off counterparts. Additionally, Dake et al [20] and Khan and Kraemer [26] detected the positive effects of age, educational attainment, being married and reproductive history on obesity in Ghana and in Bangladesh.…”

Section: Inequality Analyses Of Obesity In Turkeymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public Pedagogy Analysis in Coal-Rich Areas in Pakistan and China

Ashraf¹,

Ismat²,

Milenković³

2015

IJSSH

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Abstract-This study aims to explore socioeconomic and regional variations of obesity among Turkish women at reproductive age (15-49). Using the data from Turkish Demographic and Health Survey, it identifies the socioeconomic determinants of obesity in different regions with different levels of development. Afterwards, it measures income-related obesity inequalities by employing concentration indices. Finally, it decomposes the measured inequalities and obesity gap between eastern and western Turkey into percentage contributions of socioeconomic covariates. Accordingly, age, ethnicity, education, income, marital status and employment are significantly associated with obesity in Turkey. Inequality analysis suggests that obesity is more concentrated among wealthier women in eastern Turkey whereas it is more concentrated among poorer women in western Turkey. Decompositions of the inequalities reveal that the inequalities are predominantly associated with wealth and ethnicity. The findings imply that eastern Turkey reflects the characteristics with of developing countries while western Turkey is closer to developing countries. Therefore, the study suggests that designing specific policies for regions with different levels of development will be useful in reducing the inequalities between eastern and western Turkey. In this respect, it is believed that policies dealing with the nutritional issues of eastern women and policies encouraging healthy behaviour of western women may be useful in reducing the inequalities between eastern and western Turkey.

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Dietary, social, and environmental determinants of obesity in Kenyan women

Abstract: This study suggests that urbanisation and its associated economic advancement as well as changes in dietary habits are among the most important determinants of overweight and obesity in Kenyan women.

Cited by 77 publications

References 13 publications

Associations of diet quality with dairy group membership, membership duration and non-membership for Kenyan farm women and children: a comparative study

Associations of diet quality with dairy group membership, membership duration and non-membership for Kenyan farm women and children: a comparative study

Demographic, socio-economic and behavioural correlates of BMI in middle-aged black men and women from urban Johannesburg, South Africa

Public Pedagogy Analysis in Coal-Rich Areas in Pakistan and China

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