Dietary Sodium Intake and Serum Uric Acid: A Mini-Review

Lei, Lei; Wang, Ji‐Guang

doi:10.1159/000490573

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The similar pattern of fructose and salt consumption of uric acid demonstrates the endogenous production of fructose synthesis and metabolism in response to serum osmolarity. The studies that investigated the relationship between sodium intake and serum uric acid concentration for one week to one month found increased sodium intake to be inversely correlated with serum uric acid level, possibly due to diuresis in proximal tubules [35,36]. However, our results demonstrate the acute process; the rapid effect of serum osmolarity possibly predominates the early metabolic changes.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

A study on the early metabolic effects of salt and fructose consumption: the protective role of water

Hasbal,

Bakir,

Incir

et al. 2024

Hypertens Res

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Increasing serum osmolality has recently been linked with acute stress responses, which over time can lead to increased risk for obesity, hypertension, and other chronic diseases. Salt and fructose are two major stimuli that can induce acute changes in serum osmolality. Here we investigate the early metabolic effects of sodium and fructose consumption and determine whether the effects of sodium or fructose loading can be mitigated by blocking the change in osmolality with hydration. Forty-four healthy subjects without disease and medication were recruited into four groups. After overnight fasting, subjects in Group 1 drank 500 mL of salty soup, while those in Group 2 drank 500 mL of soup without salt for 15 min. Subjects in Group 3 drank 500 mL of 100% apple juice in 5 min, while subjects in Group 4 drank 500 mL of 100% apple juice and 500 mL of water in 5 min. Blood pressure (BP), plasma sodium, and glucose levels were measured every 15 min in the first 2 h. Serum and urine osmolarity, serum uric acid, cortisol, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), aldosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level, and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured at the baseline and 2 h. Both acute intake of salt or fructose increased serum osmolality (maximum ∼4 mOsm/L peaking at 75 min) associated with a rise in systolic and diastolic BP, PRA, aldosterone, ACTH, cortisol, plasma glucose, uric acid, and FGF21. Salt tended to cause greater activation of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS), while fructose caused a greater rise in glucose and FGF21. In both cases, hydration could prevent the osmolality and largely block the acute stress response. Acute changes in serum osmolality can induce remarkable activation of the ACTH-cortisol, RAS, glucose metabolism, and uric acid axis that is responsive to hydration. In addition to classic dehydration, salt, and fructose-containing sugars can activate these responses. Staying well hydrated may provide benefits despite exposure to sugar and salt. More studies are needed to investigate whether hydration can block the chronic effects of sugar and salt on disease.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

A study on the early metabolic effects of salt and fructose consumption: the protective role of water

Hasbal,

Bakir,

Incir

et al. 2024

Hypertens Res

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“…The dietary approach to stop hypertension, which is composed of grains, fish, and milk rather than red meat, might contribute a partial effect in lowering serum uric acid. From the study by Miller et al the DASH diet lowered the serum uric acid level compared with an omnivore diet ( 34 ). When comparing the vegetarian diet with the omnivore diet, the urate-lowering effects differed in different studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetarian Diet Was Associated With a Lower Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetic Patients

et al. 2022

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IntroductionDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a pathological hyperglycemic state related to the dysregulation of insulin. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common chronic complication in diabetic patients. A vegetarian diet could be one of the preventive strategies for the occurrence of CKD in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, it is still unknown whether a vegetarian diet lowers the occurrence of CKD in DM patients.Research Design and MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital from 5 September 2005 to 31 December 2016. Subjects with an HbA1c level > 6.5% or previous history of diabetes mellitus elder than 40 years were grouped based on self-reported dietary habits (vegetarians, lacto-ovo vegetarians and omnivores) in the structured questionnaire. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to estimate the direct and indirect effects of variables on the occurrence of chronic kidney disease.ResultsAmong these 2,797 subjects, the participants were grouped into dietary habits as vegans (n = 207), lacto-ovo vegetarians (n = 941) and omnivores (n = 1,649). The incidence of overall CKD was higher in the omnivore group [36.6% vs 30.4% (vegans) and 28.5% (lacto-ovo vegetarian), p < 0.001]. In the SEM model, after adjusting for age and sex, the lacto-ovo vegetarian [OR: 0.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.82] and vegan groups (OR 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49–0.94) were both associated with a lower risk of CKD occurrence than the omnivore group. The vegan diet and lacto-ovo diet lowered the risk related to a high BMI (OR: 0.45, p < 0.001, OR: 0.58, p < 0.001) and hyperuricemia (OR: 0.53, p < 0.001; OR: 0.55, p < 0.001) for the occurrence of CKD.ConclusionVegetarian dietary habits were associated with a lower occurrence of CKD in DM patients.

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“…Dietary salt and Na intakes were also the highest in the 'condiments' dietary pattern. Salt consumption is associated with hypertension (39,40) . Long-term excessive intake of salt reduces the ability of the kidneys to process salt (41) , leading to impairments of endothelial function, left ventricular relaxation, electric repolarization, endothelium dysfunction (42) , and subsequent vascular sclerosis (43) , resulting in primary hypertension by affecting Na loadings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet quality is associated with reduced risk of hypertension among Inner Mongolia adults in northern China

Wang

Liu

et al. 2019

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective:The present study investigated the association between dietary patterns and hypertension applying the Chinese Dietary Balance Index-07 (DBI-07).Design:A cross-sectional study on adult nutrition and chronic disease in Inner Mongolia. Dietary data were collected using 24 h recall over three consecutive days and weighing method. Dietary patterns were identified using principal components analysis. Generalized linear models and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between DBI-07 and dietary patterns, and between dietary patterns and hypertension.Setting:Inner Mongolia (n 1861).Participants:A representative sample of adults aged ≥18 years in Inner Mongolia.Results:Four major dietary patterns were identified: ‘high protein’, ‘traditional northern’, ‘modern’ and ‘condiments’. Generalized linear models showed higher factor scores in the ‘high protein’ pattern were associated with lower DBI-07 (βLBS = −1·993, βHBS = −0·206, βDQD = −2·199; all P < 0·001); the opposite in the ‘condiments’ pattern (βLBS = 0·967, βHBS = 0·751, βDQD = 1·718; all P < 0·001). OR for hypertension in the highest quartile of the ‘high protein’ pattern compared with the lowest was 0·374 (95 % CI 0·244, 0·573; Ptrend < 0·001) in males. OR for hypertension in the ‘condiments’ pattern was 1·663 (95 % CI 1·113, 2·483; Ptrend < 0·001) in males, 1·788 (95 % CI 1·155, 2·766; Ptrend < 0·001) in females.Conclusions:Our findings suggested a higher-quality dietary pattern evaluated by DBI-07 was related to decreased risk for hypertension, whereas a lower-quality dietary pattern was related to increased risk for hypertension in Inner Mongolia.

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Dietary Sodium Intake and Serum Uric Acid: A Mini-Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

A study on the early metabolic effects of salt and fructose consumption: the protective role of water

A study on the early metabolic effects of salt and fructose consumption: the protective role of water

Vegetarian Diet Was Associated With a Lower Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Diabetic Patients

Diet quality is associated with reduced risk of hypertension among Inner Mongolia adults in northern China

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