Dietary Sodium Intake and Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Overweight Adults

He, Jie; Ogden, Lorraine G.; Vupputuri, Suma; Bazzano, Lydia; Loria, Catherine M.; Whelton, P K

doi:10.1097/00008483-200007000-00013

Cited by 52 publications

(82 citation statements)

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“…A further limitation is that the Kawasaki formula was initially developed and validated in Asians free of CV disease 18,19 while our cohort included patients at high CV risk, and the majority were non-Asian. We report a correlation coefficient between Kawasaki formuladerived estimates and 24-hour urinary estimates for sodium of 0.55 in a nonAsian population, which is stronger than the correlation reported between 24-hour urine and 24-hour dietary recall methods in the TONE trial (and 24-hour dietary recall has been used in a number of previous large studies for estimating sodium intake 7,11,12 ). Although we would expect this potential source of measurement bias to influence absolute estimates of sodium intake, it is less likely to alter the shape of association reported on cubic spline plots.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Previous individual prospective cohort studies have either reported a positive association, no association, or an inverse relationship between sodium intake and CV mortality. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Discrepant findings of previous studies are likely due to differences in ranges of sodium intake, study populations, methods of measurement, and failure to explore a nonlinear association. For example, the NHANES-II study, 12 the first to report an association between low sodium intake and CV mortality, had a mean sodium intake of 2.7 g per day while the studies reporting the strongest association between high sodium intake and CV mortality had mean intakes of about 4 g per day.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Risk of Cardiovascular Events

O’Donnell¹,

Yusuf²,

Mente³

et al. 2011

JAMA

456

459

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The association between estimated sodium excretion and CV events was J-shaped. Compared with baseline sodium excretion of 4 to 5.99 g per day, sodium excretion of greater than 7 g per day was associated with an increased risk of all CV events, and a sodium excretion of less than 3 g per day was associated with increased risk of CV mortality and hospitalization for CHF. Higher estimated potassium excretion was associated with a reduced risk of stroke.

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Risk of Cardiovascular Events

O’Donnell¹,

Yusuf²,

Mente³

et al. 2011

JAMA

456

459

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The two studies suggesting that a low salt diet might be harmful can, however, be offset by three other studies the first of which was based on the same NHANES-1 data file [14]. No relationship was found between reported salt intake and any form of cardiovascular disease in 6797 non-overweight men and women.…”

Section: Salt Intake and Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 96%

The epidemiology of salt and hypertension

Beevers

2002

Clinical Autonomic Research

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The relationship between salt intake and blood pressure was once highly controversial. Early comparisons of populations did support the salt hypothesis but were difficult to interpret because of unmeasured confounding variables. However, the INTERSALT project, published in 1988 overcame many of these problems and reported within - and between - population gradients of sodium excretion and blood pressure or the rise in blood pressure with advancing age. Of the five long-term follow-up studies of salt intake and cardiovascular disease, two suggested that a low salt intake might be harmful. These studies are however open to much criticism. The three other studies reported positive relationships between salt intake and stroke or heart attack. Whilst there is little doubt that salt restriction lowers blood pressure in hypertensive patients, there remains some uncertainty whether any effect is seen in normotensives. The effects, if present, are small (reducing systolic pressure by about 2 mmHg) and not clinically useful, although if applied on a population-wide basis they might reduce the prevalence of hypertension by about 17 %. In many countries food producers and food standards agencies are beginning to respond by cutting the salt content of processed foods.

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“…All suffer from the imprecision of a single urine collection, and the multiple limitations inherent in epidemiological research. Professor Beevers favors the two studies that support his view [9,14]. I am partial to the two published by our group [1,2].…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

Salt: Data and Speculation

Alderman

2002

Clinical Autonomic Research

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Dietary Sodium Intake and Subsequent Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Overweight Adults

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Risk of Cardiovascular Events

Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion and Risk of Cardiovascular Events

The epidemiology of salt and hypertension

Salt: Data and Speculation

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