Dietary supplementation of archaeal carotenoids improved antioxidative capacity and regulated immune‐related gene expression of golden trout Oncorhynchus mykiss  against challenge

Abstract

Archaeal carotenoids, as novel bioactive compound, are stronger free radical scavenger. The effects of archaea Halorubrum carotenoids on skin coloration, antioxidative status and immune-related genes expression of golden trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were investigated. In total, 420 fish (10.90 ± 0.06 g) were divided into three groups with four replicates, and fed with commercial diets containing 0 (Ctrl), 25 mg/kg (P25)

Dietary Inclusion of Halobacterium salinarum Modulates Growth Performances and Immune Responses in Farmed Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

“…As routine industrial heat treatments are capable of destroying microbes and microbial-based products, reducing their potential and functionality [13], researchers are focusing on the compatibility of feed probiotics with industrial processing involving the utilization of high temperatures and pressures [14]. In this regard, recently, some studies have therefore focused on the possible use of unconventional organisms, such as Archaea, as feed additives in fish diets to improve the immunity of fish [15,16]. Archaea belong to a third domain and present unusual characteristics, such as a tolerance to pressure, salt and temperature variability [10,17]; moreover, as one of the gut microbial communities that participate in various animal health-oriented biological functions, they could represent a potential for the aquaculture industry [10,15].…”

“…These organisms have a high resistance to industrial processing compared to classical probiotic organisms, where industrial processing remains the biggest challenge [18]. It was reported that Archaea activate B and T cells in the host, inducing adaptive immune responses [10], and they are involved in reducing inflammation through systemic immune responses [10,15,16].…”