Dietary Supplementation of Brown Seaweed and/or Nucleotides Improved Shrimp Performance, Health Status and Cold-Tolerant Gene Expression of Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp during the Winter Season

Abstract

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Sargassumpolycystum and nucleotides- supplemented diets to improve immune response and cold-tolerance of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. Four treatments were evaluated: T1, the control, shrimp received only a basal diet; T2, a basal diet with 500 ppm nucleotides; T3, a basal diet with 500 ppm S.polycystum powdered; T4, a basal diet with 500 ppm nucleotides and 500 ppm S.polycystum powdered. Shrimp were fed experimental diets for 56 days. Results revealed shrimp fed T4 diet exhibited the best significant improvement in water quality, survival, growth, and feed utilization indices followed by T2, and T3, while T1 showed the worst values. Additionally, nonspecific immune responses (phagocytosis (%), lysozyme, phenoloxidase, super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total nitric oxide) were improved with 1.7–3.2-fold in T4 higher than T1. Histomorphology of hepatopancreas in T4 showed the most increased activation of the hepatic glandular duct system compared with the other treatments. Moreover, nucleotides/seaweed-supplemented diets upregulated relative expression of cMnSOD, Penaeidin4, and heat shock protein70 (HSP70) genes, while translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was downregulated. In conclusion, the synergistic effects of both S. polycystum and nucleotides have many advantages as a growth promoter, immunostimulant, antimicrobial, and cold-tolerant stimulant to L. vannamei.

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“…Up to date, three publications have reported the survival and fertility of A. guttata. On the one side, Garza-León et al (2017) and Osorio-Treviño et al (2019) carried out partial life table analysis with similar algal densities (N. oculata at 2×10 6 cells/mL) and temperature (25°C) than the present study; an on the other side, Cortez-Silva et al (2022) studied the life cycle but used R. subcapitata as food source and temperature within the interval here tested. In these studies, neither of them employed any substrate in the culture media, and despite A. guttata survived and produced offspring in those conditions, we found out that the inclusion of substrate improved the performance of these chydorids, increasing their rate of population growth and survival.…”

“…The maximum survival of A. guttata was comprised within values reported for other chydorids (Table 2). The longest survival within the family Chydoridae were reported for organisms grown at 5°C, reaching values of about 100 d. In the subfamily Aloninae survival has registered values of up to 90 d. For instance, Cortez-Silva et al (2022) reported that longevity of A. guttata reached 37 d as maximum (30.9 d average) when chydorids were fed on R. subcapitata, but we found that this species can survive longer when feeding on either C. vulgaris or N. oculata. It is worth pointing out that food source and temperature influenced longevity of organisms and several publications reported no more than one food source or temperature.…”

“…Alona guttata (Sars, 1862) is a cosmopolitan species, with records in several places around the world (Sinev & Siva-Briano, 2012;Sousa et al, 2014). Cortez-Silva et al (2022) described the life history of A. guttata fed on Raphidocelis subcapitata (Korshikov) Nygaard, Komárek, J.Kristiansen & O.M.Skulberg 1987, and the strategies that this species might follow to rapidly colonize temporal and transitory ponds. Alvarado-Suárez (2017) implemented this chydorid to nourish the goodeid fish Poeciliopsis infans (Woolman, 1894) and concluded that A. guttata is of high nutritional value but their usage is limited due to poor biomass production.…”

BENEFICIAL IMPACTS ON IMMUNE RESPONSES AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF WHITELEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) FED DIETARY HERBAL EXTRACTS

“…The upregulation of the penaeidin -3 gene in response to immunostimulant takes up the tank of energy and transcriptional machinery in hemocytes (Wang et al, 2008).In which the upregulation of this gene might cause resource competition with other genes in expression and result in slowing down and stopping the transcription of the other genes that appears the downregulation of the gene. Abdel et al (2021) recorded an upregulated relative expression of panaeidin -4 in all treatments that were supplemented with Sargassum polycystum and nucleotides fed to L.vannamei. A study by Trejo-Flores et al (2018) reported that mRNA expression of the Panaeidin 4 gene was significantly upregulated at 6hr and 12 hr after P.vannamei was fed Aloe vera.…”

Growth parameters and activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing aflatoxins and an aflatoxin binder

“…It is known that MyP contains a proprietary blend of plant and algae extracts said to support liver function (Biomin, 2021b). For instance, Abdel-Rahim et al, (2021) reported that when feeding juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei with 500 mg/kg of Sargassum polycystum algae supplemented feed, the ALP activity showed a higher mean of 8.80 U/L compared to the 6.33 U/L mean registered for control animals (no-algae supplemented feed). The source of algae in MyP is not known (undisclosed for patent protection) but seaweed and macroalgae are a rich source of bioactive compounds (Thanigaivel et al, 2014), and some have hepatoprotective activity (Schleder et al, 2018).…”