Dietary Supplementation of Limosilactobacillus mucosae LM1 Enhances Immune Functions and Modulates Gut Microbiota Without Affecting the Growth Performance of Growing Pigs

Abstract

Limosilactobacillus mucosae LM1 (LM1) is previously isolated from the intestine of piglets, but its potential as a probiotic supplement has not yet been assessed in growing pigs. In this study, we analyzed the probiotic effect of LM1 on the growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, immune properties, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota and their metabolites in growing pigs. The experiment included 145 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) pigs (average body weight: 21.21 ± 1.14 kg) distributed into five treatment groups. The pigs were fed either a control diet (CON), or the control diet supplemented with incremental doses of LM1, namely low-dose LM1 (LL, 8.3 × 108 CFU/kg), moderate-low dose LM1 (ML, 4.2 × 109 CFU/kg), moderate-high dose LM1 (MH, 8.3 × 109 CFU/kg), and high-dose LM1 (HH, 2.1 × 1010 CFU/kg) for 42 d. On d 42, 12 pigs from each of the CON and MH groups were slaughtered. The results indicated that the ATTD of nitrogen (N, P = 0.038) was improved with MH supplementation. In addition, increasing dose of LM1 improved the immune response in pigs by reducing serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-10). Pigs fed with MH LM1 also had higher jejunal villus height and ileal villus height: crypt depth ratio, demonstrating improved intestinal morphology. Moreover, moderate-high LM1 supplementation enriched SCFA-producing taxa such as Lactobacillus, Holdemanella, Peptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium_hallii_group, and Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group, which correlated positively with increased fecal levels of butyrate and iso-valerate. These results strongly suggest the probiotic potential of LM1 on growing pigs. Overall, the current study provides insights on the use of L. mucosae LM1 as a novel livestock probiotic to improve pig gut health.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates noise-induced cognitive deficits and systemic inflammation in rats by modulating the gut-brain axis

“…The beneficial bacteria Lachnoclostridium can inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and regulate intestinal homeostasis ( Zhang et al., 2020 ) and Peptococcus can promote butyric acid production. Our results also showed that isobutyric acid was positively correlated with Peptococcus ( Zhang et al., 2022 ). In addition, the abundance of species belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae ( unidentified_Enterobacteriaceae ) in the Gammaproteobacteria was negatively correlated with isobutyric acid.…”

Digital livestock systems and probiotic mixtures can improve the growth performance of swine by enhancing immune function, cecal bacteria, short-chain fatty acid, and nutrient digestibility

“…The results for SCFA of both probiotic mixture groups presented in Table 5 will ultimately contribute to improved swine production through improved immune function and gut health, a reduction in stress, and an improvement in animal welfare (1, 28, 29, 35) (Table 5). Probiotics are known to improve growth performance and immune function by modulating the level of SCFA in the cecum of animals (1,(36)(37)(38). However, the combined effect of the digital livestock system and probiotic mixture has not been reported until now.…”

Causal relationships between gut microbiota, immune cell, and Non-small cell lung cancer: a two-step, two-sample Mendelian randomization study

“…Animal experiments have shown that regulating GM, including Genus-Peptococcus, could enhance host immune function [32,33]. Herein, we demonstrated that CD45 on HLA DR + CD4 + in the TBNK panel may be a critical moderator between Genus-Peptococcus and NSCLC.…”