Dietary Supplementation of Zinc Nanoparticles and Its Influence on Biology, Physiology and Immune Responses of the Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the influence of dietary zinc nanoparticles (size 50 nm) on the growth, biochemical constituents, enzymatic antioxidant levels and the nonspecific immune response of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii post larvae (PL). The concentrations of dietary supplement zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) were 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mg kg(-1) with the basal diet, and the level of Zn in ZnNP-supplemented diets were 0.71, 10.61, 20.73, 40.73, 60.61 and 80.60 mg kg(-1), respectively. ZnNP-incorporated diets were fed to M. rosenbergii PL (initial body weight, 0.18 ± 0.02 g) in a triplicate experimental setup for a period of 90 days. ZnNP supplemented feed fed PL up to 60 mg kg(-1) showed significantly (P < 0.05) improved performance in survival, growth and activities of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and lipase). The concentrations of biochemical constituents (total protein, total amino acid, total carbohydrate and total lipid), total haemocyte count and differential haemocyte count were elevated in 10-60 mg kg(-1) ZnNP supplemented feed fed PL. However, the PL fed with 80 mg ZnNPs kg(-1) showed negative results. Activities of enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)], metabolic enzymes [glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT)] and the process of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the hepatopancreas and muscle showed no significant alterations in 10-60 mg kg(-1) ZnNP supplemented feed fed PL. Whereas, 80 mg ZnNPs kg(-1) supplemented feed fed PL showed significant elevations in SOD, CAT, LPO, GOT and GPT. Therefore, 80 mg ZnNPs kg(-1) was found to be toxic to M. rosenbergii PL. Thus, the study suggests that up to 60 mg ZnNPs kg(-1) can be supplemented for regulating survival, growth and immunity of M. rosenbergii.

Effects of dietary zinc on the growth, digestive enzyme activities, muscle biochemical compositions, and antioxidant status of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

“…The decreased digestive enzyme activities recorded in 80 mg Zn kg −1 supplemented feed fed prawns indicates its toxicity due to excess dosage. It has also been reported in M. rosenbergii fed with 80 mg kg −1 Zn nanoparticle supplemented diet (Muralisankar et al, 2014).…”

“…In this study, the elevated digestive enzyme activity indicates that supplemented Zn has influence on digestive enzyme secretion in M. rosenbergii. Similarly, Zn nanoparticles supplemented feed fed M. rosenbergii produced significant improvements in digestive enzyme (protease, amylase, and lipase) secretion, which has been reported (Muralisankar et al, 2014). The dietary supplementation of Zn can promote these digestive enzyme secretion has been reported in tilapia, O. niloticus, Oreochromis aureus, and C. carpio (Li et al, 2007;Tan et al, 2011).…”

“…For these diets, fishmeal and soybean meal were used as protein sources, wheat flour and tapioca flour were used as carbohydrate sources, cod liver oil was used as a lipid source, tapioca flour and egg albumin served as binding agents and vitamin B complex with vitamin C were also added. Zn free mineral mix was also prepared (Muralisankar et al, 2014) and added (Table 1). The graded concentrations of dietary Zn were designed according to dietary Zn requirements in crustaceans (Gammanpila et al, 2007).…”

“…45, 42.10, 53.80, 65.70, 92.80, and 113.50 mg kg −1 respectively ( Table 2). The 3.0 ± 0.97 mm diets were prepared and stored until use for the feeding experiments according to the method of Muralisankar et al (2014). The analyzed proximate compositions of formulated feeds are given in Table 1 (AOAC, 1995).…”

Amylase in the hepatopancreas of a euryhaline burrowingcrab: characteristics and modulation

“…The presence of specific ions along with food content can inhibit or enhance amylase activity and therefore differentially affect the rate of carbohydrate digestion (Dutta et al, 2006;Coccia et al, 2011;Muralisankar et al, 2014;Wu et al, 2014). In most marine and brackish waters, the main dissolved inorganic ions come from NaCl; thus, salinity constitutes a measure of the water content of this dissolved salt (Romano and Zeng, 2012;Kültz, 2015).…”