Dietary supplementation with glutamine improves gastrointestinal barrier function and promotes compensatory growth of growth-retarded yaks

Ma, Jian; Shah, AM; Wang, Z.S.; Hu, Rui; Zou, Huawei; Wang, X.Y.; Zhao, Suonan; Kong, Xiangying

doi:10.1016/j.animal.2020.100108

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Another interesting discovery is that the diarrhea incidence and fecal score were dramatically decreased in weaned calves supplemented with HNa and Gln. This was consistent with the previous report in piglets [18], broilers [19], and growth-retarded yaks [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The results are similar to Yasar et al [24], who reported that dietary supplementation with HAs decreased serum D-lac concentration in rats. In addition, the positive effects of dietary Gln supplementation on intestinal barrier function have been reported in broilers [25], piglets [26], and growth-retarded yaks [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Zhou et al [32] indicated that intravenously administered Gln increased the concentration of serum IgA and IgG, intestinal mucosal sIgA in early-weaned calves. Ma et al [20] demonstrated that dietary supplementation with Gln signi cantly decreased the mRNA expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in growth-retarded yaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium Humate And Glutamine Combined Supplementation Alleviate Diarrhea of Weaned Calves Via Alter Intestinal Microbiota And Metabolites

Wang

Jia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Weaning is one of the most stressful periods that cause gastrointestinal tract dysfunction and diarrhea in calves. HNa and Gln were reported to exert beneficial effects on promoting growth performance, decreasing diarrhea incidence, and modulating intestinal microbiota in animals. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of HNa and Gln combined supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, serum parameters, intestinal microbiome, and metabolites of weaned calves.Results: In Exp. 1, 40 calves at 51±3 days of age with similar body weight (66.82±4.31 kg) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments fed with a basal diet (NC group), and a basal diet supplemented with 100 mL of 1%, 3%, or 5% HNa+1% Gln, twice daily, respectively. In a 21-day trial, calves on the 5% HNa+1% Gln group had higher ADG and lower fecal score and diarrhea incidence than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2, 20 calves at 51±3 days of age with similar body weight (69.37±6.28 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 treatments fed with a basal diet (NC group) and a basal diet supplemented with 100 mL of 5% HNa+1% Gln, twice daily (H+G group, the dose was obtained from Exp. 1). In a 21-day trial, calves supplemented with HNa and Gln had higher final BW and ADG, serum IgG concentration and GSH-Px and T-AOC activities, but lower fecal score, diarrhea incidence, as well as serum DAO, D-lac, TNF-α, and MDA concentrations compared to NC group (P < 0.05). Analysis of intestinal microbiota indicated that supplemented with HNa and Gln significantly increased the abundance of phyla Firmicutes and genus of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Olsenella, Ruminiclostridium 9, Howardella, and uncultured organism, whereas the abundance of phyla Bacteroidetes, genus of Helicobacter and Lachnoclostridium were decreased as compared with NC group. Moreover, untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that supplemented with HNa and Gln altered 18 metabolites and enriched 6 KEGG pathways (primary fatty acid biosynthesis) compared to the NC group. Conclusions: This study showed that combined supplemented with HNa and Gln could decrease diarrhea of weaned calves, which may be associated with improved intestinal microbial ecology and altered metabolism profile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sodium Humate And Glutamine Combined Supplementation Alleviate Diarrhea of Weaned Calves Via Alter Intestinal Microbiota And Metabolites

Wang

Jia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…28 In animal husbandry, Gln is often added to animal diets as a feed additive; for example, the milk yield and quality (milk protein content in the milk) of cows are significantly increased by added Gln. 19,20,29 Our data revealed that Gln promoted cell growth and casein synthesis in BMECs. Our results on cellular and molecular levels revealed that the basis underlying milk production was increased by Gln addition in animal husbandry.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In addition, Gln is an important active substance in cell metabolism and cell signal pathways . In the dairy industry, Gln is often used as a feed additive to increase the production performance of animals. , However, the effects of Gln on milk protein synthesis and its mechanisms in BMECs are poorly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamine Regulates Cell Growth and Casein Synthesis through the CYTHs/ARFGAP1-Arf1-mTORC1 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Peng

Kang

Chen

et al. 2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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In the dairy industry, glutamine (Gln) is often used as a feed additive to increase milk yield and quality; however, the molecular regulation underneath needs further clarification. Here, with bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), the effects and mechanisms of Gln on cell growth and casein synthesis were assessed. When Gln was added or depleted from BMECs, both cell growth and β-casein (CSN2) expression were increased or decreased, respectively. Overexpressing or inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) revealed that Gln regulated cell growth and CSN2 synthesis through the mTORC1 pathway. A similar intervention of ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) uncovered that Gln activated the mTORC1 pathway through Arf1. We next observed that both guanine nucleotide exchange factors, Cytohesin-1/2/3 (CYTH1/2/3, CYTHs) and ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase activating protein 1 (ARFGAP1), interacted with Arf1. Inhibiting CYTHs or ARFGAP1 showed that Gln supplement or depletion activated or inactivated Arf1 through CYTHs or ARFGAP1, respectively. Collectively, this study demonstrated that Gln positively regulated cell growth and casein synthesis in BMECs, which works through the CYTHs/ARFGAP1-Arf1-mTORC1 pathway. These results greatly enhanced current understanding regarding the regulation of the mTOR pathway and provided new insights for the processes of cell growth and casein synthesis by amino acids, particularly Gln.

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Supplementation of grape seed extract improves the gastrointestinal development of weaned beef calves

Ma,

Fan,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Animal Feed Science and Technology

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Dietary supplementation with glutamine improves gastrointestinal barrier function and promotes compensatory growth of growth-retarded yaks

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Sodium Humate And Glutamine Combined Supplementation Alleviate Diarrhea of Weaned Calves Via Alter Intestinal Microbiota And Metabolites

Sodium Humate And Glutamine Combined Supplementation Alleviate Diarrhea of Weaned Calves Via Alter Intestinal Microbiota And Metabolites

Glutamine Regulates Cell Growth and Casein Synthesis through the CYTHs/ARFGAP1-Arf1-mTORC1 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells

Supplementation of grape seed extract improves the gastrointestinal development of weaned beef calves

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