Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil or Fish Oil and Vascular Effects of Concentrated Ambient Particulate Matter Exposure in Human Volunteers

Abstract

BackgroundExposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) induces endothelial dysfunction, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Olive oil (OO) and fish oil (FO) supplements have beneficial effects on endothelial function.ObjectiveIn this study we evaluated the potential efficacy of OO and FO in mitigating endothelial dysfunction and disruption of hemostasis caused by exposure to particulate matter (PM).Methods and ResultsForty-two participants (58 ± 1 years of age) received either 3 g/day of OO or FO, or no supplements (naive) for 4 weeks prior to undergoing 2-hr exposures to filtered air and concentrated ambient particulate matter (CAP; mean, 253 ± 16 μg/m3). Endothelial function was assessed by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery preexposure, immediately postexposure, and 20 hr postexposure. Levels of endothelin-1 and markers of fibrinolysis and inflammation were also measured. The FMD was significantly lower after CAP exposure in the naive (–19.4%; 95% CI: –36.4, –2.3 per 100 μg/m3 CAP relative to baseline; p = 0.03) and FO groups (–13.7%; 95% CI: –24.5, –2.9; p = 0.01), but not in the OO group (–7.6%; 95% CI: –21.5, 6.3; p = 0.27). Tissue plasminogen activator levels were significantly increased immediately after (11.6%; 95% CI: 0.8, 22.2; p = 0.04) and 20 hr after CAP exposure in the OO group. Endothelin-1 levels were significantly increased 20 hr after CAP exposure in the naive group only (17.1%; 95% CI: 2.2, 32.0; p = 0.03).ConclusionsShort-term exposure to CAP induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. OO supplementation attenuated CAP-induced reduction of FMD and changes in blood markers associated with vasoconstriction and fibrinolysis, suggesting that OO supplementation may be an efficacious intervention to protect against vascular effects of exposure to PM.CitationTong H, Rappold AG, Caughey M, Hinderliter AL, Bassett M, Montilla T, Case MW, Berntsen J, Bromberg PA, Cascio WE, Diaz-Sanchez D, Devlin RB, Samet JM. 2015. Dietary supplementation with olive oil or fish oil and vascular effects of concentrated ambient particulate matter exposure in human volunteers. Environ Health Perspect 123:1173–1179; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408988

Ozone exposure is associated with acute changes in inflammation, fibrinolysis, and endothelial cell function in coronary artery disease patients

“…For example, we previously reported decreased levels of LAEI to be associated with PM 2.5 in type 2 diabetics [ 22 ]. Additionally, increases in tPA [ 42 ] and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 43 ] are associated with particle exposures.…”

Inhibitory Effect of Chebulic Acid on Alveolar Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Response to Urban Particulate Matter Using Co-treatment and Post-treatment Exposure

“…28,29) Furthermore, evidence revealed that MMPs can stimulate EMT processes associated with activation of tumor cells during cell invasion and metastasis. 30) The PM2.5 is characterized by remote transportation distance, longer retaining period and no filtering resistance. 31) Therefore, the studies of potential antagonists against PM2.5induced pulmonary damage are very urgent and important.…”

B-vitamin Supplementation Mitigates Effects of Fine Particles on Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction and Inflammation: A Pilot Human Intervention Trial

“…Previous studies suggested that dietary supplementations with vitamins C, vitamins E, or polyunsaturated fatty acids might protect against short-term air pollution-induced adverse cardiopulmonary responses252627. In a randomized double-blinded controlled exposure study, Tong and coauthors successfully demonstrated that a four-week fish oil supplementation attenuated CAP-induced HRV reductions26.…”

“…Our choice to assess the potential protective benefits of B vitamin supplementation against PM-induced cardiac autonomic dysfunction and inflammation was motivated by the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunoepigenetic effects of B vitamins2829. Recent epidemiological and in vivo studies suggest that B vitamins might be particularly protective against air pollution-induced cardiovascular effects—as it was demonstrated to modulate the epigenetic and inflammatory signaling pathways linking air pollution, intermediate biomarkers, and cardiovascular outcomes6172728. For example, folic acid and vitamin B 6 lower chemokine release from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and circulating levels of pro-inflammatory molecules2829, indicating reduced risk for acute cardiovascular events such as stroke.…”