Dietary supplementation with zinc oxide decreases expression of the stem cell factor in the small intestine of weanling pigs

Ou, Deyuan; Li, Defa; Cao, Yunhe; Li, Xilong; Yin, Jingdong; Qiao, Shiyan; Wu, Guoyao

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.12.022

Cited by 93 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The mechanism behind the increased feed intake has been recently explained by an increased IGF-I and IGF-I receptor expression in the intestinal mucosa, which in turn stimulates feed intake via ghrelin secretion from the stomach (Li et al, 2006;Yin et al, 2009). On the other hand, there is a consistent amount of research that has reported a growth improvement with little or no increase in voluntary feed intake in piglets (Case and Carlson, 2002;Li et al, 2006;Ou et al, 2007). In our study, we measured a significant improvement of the ADG from days 0 to 14 due to the supplementation of ZnO at the two highest doses, which was not supported by an increased feed intake, and this would suggest the existence of an alternative mechanism promoting the growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Low doses of microencapsulated zinc oxide improve performance and modulate the ileum architecture, inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions expression of weaned pigs

Grilli

Tugnoli

Vitari

et al. 2015

Animal

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The aim of this study was to compare low doses of microencapsulated v. pharmacological ZnO in the diet of piglets on growth performance, ileum health status and architecture. One hundred and forty-four piglets weaned at 28 days and divided in 36 pens (two males and two females per pen), received a basal diet (control, Zn at 50 mg/kg) or the basal diet with ZnO at 3000 mg/kg (pZnO), or with lipid microencapsulated ZnO at 150 or 400 mg/kg (mZnO-300 and mZnO-800, respectively). After 14 and 42 days, three pigs per sex per treatment were euthanized to collect the ileum mucosa for immunohistochemistry, histomorphology, inflammatory cytokines and tight junction components gene expression. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA. At 0 to 14 days, the pZnO and mZnO-800 groups had greater average daily gain compared with control ( P < 0.05). Gain to feed ratio (G : F) in the same time interval was higher in pZnO group compared with control thus resulting in higher BW ( P < 0.05). At day 14, ileum villi height in mZnO-800 pigs was 343 µm v. 309 and 317 µm in control and pZnO, respectively ( P < 0.01) and villi : crypts ratio (V : C), as well as cells positive to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), were greater in all treated groups compared with control ( P < 0.01). In mZnO-800 group, interferon-γ mRNA was the lowest ( P = 0.02), and both pharmacological ZnO and mZnO reduced tumor necrosis factor-α protein level ( P < 0.0001). Compared with pZnO group, mZnO-800 increased occludin and zonula occludens-1 protein level (1.6-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively; P < 0.001). At day 42, both groups receiving microencapsulated ZnO had 1.7 kg greater BW than control and did not differ from pZnO group ( P = 0.01); ileum villi height and V : C ratio were the greatest for pZnO compared with the other groups, whereas PCNA-positive cells were the most numerous in mZnO-800 group ( P < 0.001).In conclusion, pigs receiving low doses of microencapsulated ZnO had G : F comparable with those receiving pharmacological level of ZnO in the overall post-weaning phase. Moreover, in the first 2 weeks post-weaning, microencapsulated ZnO effect on inflammatory status and ileum structure and integrity was comparable with pharmacological ZnO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Low doses of microencapsulated zinc oxide improve performance and modulate the ileum architecture, inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions expression of weaned pigs

Grilli

Tugnoli

Vitari

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…It is a significant dietetic factor that regulates amino-acid and protein metabolism (Ou et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2009). Furthermore, it contributes to stabilisation of sensitive intestinal mucosa, diversity and functions of bacterial microflora, inhibits the growth of some pathogens and enhances the immune responses of the body against infections (Hahn and Baker, 1993;Srivastava et al, 1995;Case and Carlson, 2002;Hojberg et al, 2005;Han and Thacker, 2009).…”

Section: Zinc Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…High doses of zinc oxide (2500 to 3000 mg Zn/kg of feed) added to feed have been used as a preventative measure against PWD. Feeding zinc to weaned piglets has been demonstrated to reduce diarrhoea incidence and to improve growth rates (Hahn and Baker, 1993;Scott and Koski, 2000;Ou et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2009).…”

Section: Zinc Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review

Vondruskova¹,

Slamova²,

Trčková³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med.

165

155

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ABSTRACT:The weaning time is a crucial period in the management of piglets. The risk of development of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets is high. PWD is the cause of serious economic losses in pig herds. Since 2006, the use of antibiotic growth promoters for prevention of diarrhoeal diseases in piglets has been banned. This measure also led to the investigation of alternative suitable feed supplements that would be reasonably efficient in protecting and sustaining animal health and performance. Various natural materials such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, zinc and plant extracts have been tested as effective alternatives to antibiotics. Recently, owing to their high adsorption capacity, research efforts have been conducted on the application of natural clays and clay-based feed supplements. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effect of different alternative components as growth promoters on the health and performance of weaned and growing piglets.Keywords: infection; swine; antibiotics; intestinal microflora; performance; probiotics; prebiotics, organic acids; zinc; phytobiotics; aluminosilicate List of abbreviations CFU = colony-forming unit; ETEC = enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; MMT = montmorillonite; PWD = post weaning diarrhoea; SCFA = short chain fatty acids; VFA = volatile fatty acids Review ArticleVeterinarni Medicina, 55, 2010 (5): 199-224 200 ruses (Moller et al., 1998;Song et al., 2006), transmissive gastroenteritis virus (Hampson et al., 1987; Alexa et al., 1995 Alexa et al., , 2001 Chae et al., 2000;Madec et al., 2000;Melin et al., 2004;Song et al., 2006;Thomsson et al., 2008) and others have been most frequently diagnosed.Early-weaned piglets are exposed to several stress factors, with nutrition, etiology and indoor environment of housing being particularly implicated (Madec et al., 2000;Laine et al., 2008). Noninfectious stress factors which are involved in the development of gastroenteric disorders are: -age of piglets when they are weaned from their dam (Svensmark et al., 1989;Skirrow et al., 1997), -sudden change of feed from sow milk that provides piglets with immunoglobulins (Bailey et al., 1992), -irregular feed intake (Bark et al., 1986;Spencer and Howell, 1989;Svensmark et al., 1989;Madec et al., 1998;Laine et al., 2008), -feed structure (Amezcua et al., 2002), -animal hygiene and housing conditions (Le Dividich, 1981;Le Dividich and Herpin, 1994;Madec et al., 1998), -inadequate feeder space per piglet in the pen (Amezcua et al., 2002). Numerous changes in the early-weaned piglet body can initiate PWD, such as morphological (Hampson, 1986) and functional alterations of the small intestine (Kidder and Manners, 1980; Hampson and Kidder, 1986), changes in intestinal colonization with predominance of E. coli (Melin et al., 1997;Katouli et al., 1999) and weakening of the immune system (Blecha et al., 1983;Wattrang et al., 1998). Ban of antibiotic growth promotersRegarding the fact that weaning greatly affects general health condition of piglets, it is nece...

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“…Pharmacological dose of zinc oxide (ZnO) supplementation is considered to be the most effective alternative to in-feed antibiotics until now [1][2][3]. The efficacy of high doses of ZnO in improving the growth performance and acting as a preventative measure against PWD in weaned piglets has been demonstrated elsewhere [4][5][6][7]. However, mechanisms for these beneficial effects of ZnO remained not fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Zinc Oxide Modulates Antioxidant Capacity, Small Intestine Development, and Jejunal Gene Expression in Weaned Piglets

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2016

Biol Trace Elem Res

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The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary zinc oxide (ZnO) on the antioxidant capacity, small intestine development, and jejunal gene expression in weaned piglets. Ninety-six 21-day-old piglets were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments. Each treatment had eight replicates with four piglets per replicate. The piglets were fed either control diet (control) or control diet supplemented with in-feed antibiotics (300 mg/kg chlortetracycline and 60 mg/kg colistin sulfate) or pharmacological doses of ZnO (3000 mg/kg). The experiment lasted 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at days 14 and 28, while intestinal samples were harvested at day 28 of the experiment. Dietary high doses of ZnO supplementation significantly increased the body weight (BW) at day 14 and average daily gain (ADG) of days 1 to 14 in weaned piglets, when compared to control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of diarrhea of piglets fed ZnO-supplemented diets, at either days 1 to 14, days 14 to 28, or the overall experimental period, was significantly decreased in comparison with those in other groups (P < 0.05). Supplementation with ZnO increased the villus height of the duodenum and ileum in weaned piglets and decreased the crypt depth of the duodenum, when compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). Dietary ZnO supplementation decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration at either day 14 or day 28, but increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) at day 14, when compared to that in the control (P < 0.05). ZnO supplementation upregulated the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin in the jejunum mucosa of weaned piglets, compared to those in the control (P < 0.05). The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-lβ (IL-1β) mRNA expression in the jejunum mucosa was downregulated in the ZnO-supplemented group, compared with the control (P < 0.05). Both in-feed antibiotics and ZnO supplementation decreased the mRNA expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), but increased the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), in the jejunum mucosa of piglets, when compared to those in the control (P < 0.05). In summary, supplemental ZnO was effective on the prevention of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in weaned piglets and showed comparative growth-promoting effect on in-feed antibiotics, probably by the mechanism of improvement of the antioxidant capacity, restoration of intestinal barrier function and development, and modulation of immune functions.

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Dietary supplementation with zinc oxide decreases expression of the stem cell factor in the small intestine of weanling pigs

Cited by 93 publications

References 49 publications

Low doses of microencapsulated zinc oxide improve performance and modulate the ileum architecture, inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions expression of weaned pigs

Low doses of microencapsulated zinc oxide improve performance and modulate the ileum architecture, inflammatory cytokines and tight junctions expression of weaned pigs

Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review

Dietary Zinc Oxide Modulates Antioxidant Capacity, Small Intestine Development, and Jejunal Gene Expression in Weaned Piglets

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