Dietary Therapy in Idiopathic Nephrolithiasis

This Opinion of the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (NDA) deals with the setting of dietary reference values for water for specific age groups. Adequate Intakes (AI) have been defined derived from a combination of observed intakes in population groups with desirable osmolarity values of urine and desirable water volumes per energy unit consumed. The reference values for total water intake include water from drinking water, beverages of all kind, and from food moisture and only apply to conditions of moderate environmental temperature and moderate physical activity levels (PAL 1.6). AIs for infants in the first half of the first year of life are estimated to be 100-190 mL/kg per day. For infants 6-12 months of age a total water intake of 800-1000 mL/day is considered adequate. For the second year of life an adequate total water intake of 1100-1200 mL/day is defined by interpolation, as intake data are not available. AIs of water for children are estimated to be 1300 mL/day for boys and girls 2-3 years of age; 1600 mL/day for boys and girls 4-8 years of age; 2100 mL/day for boys 9-13 years of age; 1900 mL/day for girls 9-13 years of age. Adolescents of 14 years and older are considered as adults with respect to adequate water intake. Available data for adults permit the definition of AIs as 2.0 L/day (P 95 3.1 L) for females and 2.5 L/day (P95 4.0 L) for males. The same AIs as for adults are defined for the elderly. For pregnant women the same water intake as in non-pregnant women plus an increase in proportion to the increase in energy intake (300 mL/day) is proposed. For lactating women adequate water intakes of about 700 mL/day above the AIs of non-lactating women of the same age are derived. KEY WORDSWater, total body water, hydration, osmolarity, water balance, regulation, distribution, consumption, water loss, water requirement, adequate intake SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific Opinion on Population Reference Intakes.Water is consumed from different sources, which include drinking water (tap and bottled water), beverages, moisture content of foods, and water produced by oxidative processes in the body. Water intake from beverages and foods is defined as total water intake, while the sum of total water intake and oxidation water constitutes total available water.Water is essential for practically all functions of the body and is particularly important for thermoregulation.A water intake which balances losses and thereby assures adequate hydration of body tissues is essential for health and life.The water content of the body and the distribution of body water over the intracellular and extracellular compartments of the body changes with age, but is under tight homeostatic control for an individual in a given stage of life.Loss of body weight, denoting loss of body water, of about 1% is normally compensated within 24 hours. Without compensation and furthe...

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“…Apart from low urinary volumes ( 2 L/day) and low urinary flow rates other risk factors for kidney stones exist. (Borghi et al, 2006).…”

Section: Dehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water

Products¹

2010

EFS2

331

114

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“…Az ajánlott fogyasztás: naponta két adag, mértéke: körülbelül 0,8-1 g/kg/ nap, vagyis 91 gramm fehérje naponta, ebből 21 gramm legyen állati eredetű, a többi pedig tej vagy tejtermék, kenyér, tészta és zöldségfélék [13][14][15].…”

Section: Fehérjebevitelunclassified

Az étrend szerepe a húgyúti kövek kialakulásában és megelőzésében

et al. 2017

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A húgyúti kövesség a fejlett országokban a metabolikus és endokrin okok mellett egyre gyakrabban fordul elő a helytelen táplálkozási szokások, az elhízás és a mozgásszegény életmód miatt. Ezért az urológusok és az alapellátásban dolgozók mindennapi munkájában kiemelt szerepet kellene, hogy kapjon az elsődleges és másodlagos prevenció. A megelőzés a testsúlykontrollon, a testmozgáson és a gyógyszeres kezelésen túl a megfelelő diétán alapul. Az étrend különböző alkotóelemei megváltoztathatják a vizelet összetételét és ezáltal annak túltelítettségét fokozhatják, amely alapja a kőképződésnek. Az étrendi összetevők vagy elősegítik a kövesség megelőzését (fokozott folyadékbevitel, citrát, magnézium, gyümöl-csök és zöldségek), vagy hajlamosítóan hatnak annak kialakulására (kevés folyadékbevitel, fehérjében, szénhidrátban, zsírban, oxalátban, sóban, kalciumban gazdag étrend, aszkorbinsav stb.). Összefoglalónkban bizonyítékokkal alátámasztott étrendi javaslatokat fogalmaztunk meg, amelyek a húgyúti köves-ség elsődleges és másodlagos megelőzésében gyakorlati haszonnal bírnak. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(22): 851-855. Kulcsszavak: húgyúti kövesség, étrendi szokások, kockázati tényezők, megelőzés Role of the diet in urinary stone formation and prevalenceIn Hungary and in the developed countries urinary stones occur more often due to nutritional habits, obesity and sedentary lifestyle beside the endocrine and metabolic causes. In the daily urological and family doctor practice prevention should have an important role. Prevention is based not only on body weight control, physical exercise and medical treatment, but on proper diet as well. The nutritional components can change the consistence of urine, causing supersaturation, which is essential in stone formation. Specific nutritional components can either prevent stone formation (increased fluid intake, citrate, magnesium, fruits and vegetables) or either increase stone formation (decreased fluid intake, proteins, carbohydrates, oxalate, salt, increased calcium intake, ascorbic-acid etc). We summarized evidence-based practical dietary suggestions on the primary and secondary prevention of urinary stones. A fejlett országokban, így hazánkban is, a húgyúti köves-ség incidenciája egyre növekszik [1]. Ebben a modern, nyugati életforma, a mozgásszegény életmód, az elhízás és az étrend is jelentős szereppel bír, ezen utóbbi alapvetően meghatározza a vizelet összetételét [2]. Meg kell említenünk, hogy habár a húgyúti kövesség a fejlettebb társadalmakban egyre gyakoribb megbetegedés, a vese üregrendszerét szinte teljesen kitöltő korallkövek inci-*A szerzők egyenlő módon vették ki részüket a dolgozat felügyeletében és szerkesztésében. Keywords MINDENNAPOK GYAKORLATA

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“…Sudan başka portakal suyu, limonata ve siyah frenk üzümü suyunun idrar pH'sini ve sitrat atılımını artırarak, kahve, çay, bira ve şarabın da idrar hacmini artırarak kalsiyum taşı oluşma riskini azalttıkları gösterilmiştir. 95 Tersine, greyfurt suyunun ise kalsiyum taşları oluşturma riskini artırdığı gösterilmiştir. 95,96 Kolalı içeceklerin taş oluş-turma potansiyellerinin olup olmadığı konusu net değildir.…”

Section: Akut Tedavi̇unclassified

“…95 Tersine, greyfurt suyunun ise kalsiyum taşları oluşturma riskini artırdığı gösterilmiştir. 95,96 Kolalı içeceklerin taş oluş-turma potansiyellerinin olup olmadığı konusu net değildir. 95,96 Sodyum Sodyum alımı ile kalsiyum taşı oluşumu arasında birliktelik saptanmış, ancak bütün çalışmalarda doğ-rulanamamıştır.…”

Section: Akut Tedavi̇unclassified

“…95,96 Kolalı içeceklerin taş oluş-turma potansiyellerinin olup olmadığı konusu net değildir. 95,96 Sodyum Sodyum alımı ile kalsiyum taşı oluşumu arasında birliktelik saptanmış, ancak bütün çalışmalarda doğ-rulanamamıştır. 96 Artmış sodyum alımının renal tü-büller düzeyinde kalsiyum ile reabsorpsiyon için yarışarak kalsiüriyi uyardığından daha önce söz edilmişti.…”

Section: Akut Tedavi̇unclassified

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