Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Colorectal Cancer in the Italian EPIC Cohort

Vece, M. M.; Agnoli, Claudia; Grioni, Sara; Sieri, Sabina; Pala, Valeria; Pellegrini, Nicoletta; Frasca, Graziella; Tumino, Rosario; Mattiello, Amalia; Panico, Salvatore; Bendinelli, Benedetta; Masala, Giovanna; Ricceri, Fulvio; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Krogh, Vittorio

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142995

Cited by 57 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Heine-Broring et al (25) suggested an inverse correlation between risk of CRC and deficiency of vitamins A, E, and C, similar findings were observed in this study. On the other hand, recently, no association was found between supplementation of these dietary vitamins and risk of CRC (26). Malondialdehyde, a highly toxic aldehyde is the end product of lipid peroxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Isoprostanes and Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Having Potential Role in the Development of Colorectal Cancer in Males

Rasool

Malik

Ghuman³

et al. 2018

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and leading cause of death worldwide. Major risk factors involved in the development of CRC are increased dietary sources, genetics, and increasing age. Purpose of the study was to find the role of different variables in the progression of CRC.Methodology50 blood samples from CRC patients and 20 samples from control were collected. Serum was separated from the blood by centrifugation. This serum was assessed for several antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase, vitamin A, C, and E, and pro-oxidants such as malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), and AGEs according to their respective protocols. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) and isoprostanes were assessed by ELISA kits.ResultsLower levels of GSH (4.86 ± 0.78 vs 9.65 ± 1.13 μg/dl), SOD (0.08 ± 0.012 vs 0.46 ± 0.017 μg/dl), CAT (2.45 ± 0.03 vs 4.22 ± 0.19 μmol/mol of protein), and GRx (5.16 ± 0.06 vs 7.23 ± 0.36 μmol/ml) in the diseased group were recorded as compared with control. Higher levels of GPx (6.64 ± 0.19 mmol/dl) were observed in the subjects in comparison with control group (1.58 ± 0.30 mmol/dl). Highly significant decreased levels of vitamin A (0.81 ± 0.07 vs 2.37 ± 0.15 mg/ml), vitamin E (15.42 ± 1.26 vs 25.96 ± 2.19 mg/ml), and vitamin C (47.67 ± 7.69 vs 80.37 ± 10.21 mg/ml) were observed in the patients in contrast to control group. The reversal of antioxidants in later stages of CRC may be due to compensatory mechanisms in cancerous cells. The levels of MDA (nmol/ml) were also assessed, which shows significantly increased level in CRC patients as compared with control groups (3.67 ± 0.19 vs 1.31 ± 0.27). The levels of protein oxidation products [AGEs (2.74 ± 0.16 vs 0.84 ± 0.05 IU) and AOPPs (1.32 ± 0.02 vs 0.82 ± 0.07 ng/ml)] were significantly increased in subjects as compared with control. The levels of MMP-7 (64.75 ± 3.03 vs 50.61 ± 4.09 ng/ml) and isoprostanes (0.71 ± 0.03 vs 0.16 ± 0.02 ng/ml) were also analyzed. This shows that the levels of isoprostanes increased due to high lipid peroxidation mediate higher levels of MMP-7, which promotes development of CRC.ConclusionFollowing study suggested that elevated oxidative and inflammatory status along with lipid peroxidation and matrix metalloproteinases are the chief contributors in the progression of CRC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Isoprostanes and Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Having Potential Role in the Development of Colorectal Cancer in Males

Rasool

Malik

Ghuman³

et al. 2018

Front. Oncol.

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“…We also need to be very cautious interpreting the protective results of some flavonoid classes against CRC risk observed in former smokers only. Tobacco smoking may lead to higher oxidative stress, and both oxidative stress and smoking tobacco are related to increased CRC risk. In previous EPIC studies, a stronger inverse association with dietary flavonoids in current smokers than in non‐smokers was found for other cancer sites, such as gastric and oesophageal cancer, but the opposite was observed in CRC risk in Scotland .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary flavonoid intake and colorectal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort

Zamora-Ros

Barupal

Rothwell

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Flavonoids have been shown to inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation in vitro and protect against colorectal carcinogenesis in animal models. However, epidemiological evidence on the potential role of flavonoid intake in colorectal cancer (CRC) development remains sparse and inconsistent. We evaluated the association between dietary intakes of total flavonoids and their subclasses and risk of development of CRC, within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. A cohort of 477,312 adult men and women were recruited in 10 European countries. At baseline, dietary intakes of total flavonoids and individual subclasses were estimated using centre-specific validated dietary questionnaires and composition data from the Phenol-Explorer database. During an average of 11 years of follow-up, 4,517 new cases of primary CRC were identified, of which 2,869 were colon (proximal = 1,298 and distal = 1,266) and 1,648 rectal tumours. No association was found between total flavonoid intake and the risk of overall CRC (HR for comparison of extreme quintiles 1.05, 95% CI 0.93-1.18; p-trend = 0.58) or any CRC subtype. No association was also observed with any intake of individual flavonoid subclasses. Similar results were observed for flavonoid intake expressed as glycosides or aglycone equivalents. Intake of total flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses, as estimated from dietary questionnaires, did not show any association with risk of CRC development.

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“…Crude and processed plant extracts are studied extensively to evaluate its role in treatment as chemopreventive drug or to use in combination that can synergistically improve the outcome of current chemotherapy and lower the toxicity [36][37][38]. European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition is one such agency that studies the relationship between diet and cancer [29,[39][40][41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation of Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of Amla and Ginger

Kulsum¹,

Suresh²,

Mehta

2018

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: Our study focused on evaluating the anticancer property of ascorbic acid and aqueous extract of amla and ginger.Methods: Antioxidant capacity of ascorbic acid, aqueous extract of amla, and ginger was obtained by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Vero cell line, PA-1, Cal-27, Cal-27 CisR, and DysMSCTR16 cell lines were treated with antioxidants to evaluate its antiproliferative property using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Colony and spheroid formation assays were also carried out in the presence of extracts to assess its role in anticancer stem cell activity.Results: Two volumes of amla 5 µl (~0.016 g) and 25 µl (~0.08 g) and ginger 5 µl (~0.02 g) and 25 µl (~0.1 g) showed TAC activity equivalent to 0.25 mM and 2 mM ascorbic acid, respectively. Amla and ascorbic acid showed significant antiproliferative property in normal (Vero) p=0.05, cancer (PA-1, Cal-27) p=0.005, and resistant (Cal-27 CisR) p=0.05 cell lines and ginger extract in Vero and Cal-27 cell lines (p=0.05). In PA-1 and Cal-27 CisR cell line, ginger extract showed proliferative activity (p=0.005). Antioxidants showed no antiproliferative activity in DysMSCTR16 cells. Amla extract and ascorbic acid showed significant inhibitory effect on spheroid (p=0.005) and colony formation capacity (p=0.0005) among dysplastic, cancer, and resistant cell lines. Ginger showed inhibitory effect (p=0.05) only in colony formation capacity. Conclusion:Overall, we found a strong correlation between antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of ascorbic acid, amla, and ginger. Amla and ascorbic acid proved to be effective in controlling cell proliferation and self-renewal properties of cancer cells. However, ginger was found to have selective and less antiproliferative effect in comparison to amla.

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Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Colorectal Cancer in the Italian EPIC Cohort

Cited by 57 publications

References 47 publications

Implications of Isoprostanes and Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Having Potential Role in the Development of Colorectal Cancer in Males

Implications of Isoprostanes and Matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Having Potential Role in the Development of Colorectal Cancer in Males

Dietary flavonoid intake and colorectal cancer risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort

Correlation of Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity of Amla and Ginger

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