Dietary transfatty acids and cancer risk

Abstract

This study assesses the association between dietary transfatty acid (TFA) intake and the risk of selected cancers. Mailed questionnaires were completed between 1994 and 1997 in eight Canadian provinces by 1182 incident, histologically confirmed cases of the stomach, 1727 of the colon, 1447 of the rectum, 628 of the pancreas, 3341 of the lung, 2362 of the breast, 442 of the ovary, 1799 of the prostate, 686 of the testis, 1345 of the kidney, 1029 of the bladder, 1009 of the brain, 1666 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 1069 leukemias, and 5039 population controls. Information on dietary habits and nutrition intake was obtained using a food frequency questionnaire, which provided data on eating habits 2 years before the study. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidenc530e intervals (CI) were derived by unconditional logistic regression to adjust for total energy intake and other potential confounding factors. Dietary TFA were positively associated with the risk of cancers of the colon (OR: 1.38 for the highest vs. the lowest quartile), breast in premenopause (OR: 1.60), and prostate (OR: 1.42). There were a borderline association for pancreas cancer (OR: 1.38; P=0.06). No significant association was observed for cancers of the stomach, rectum, lung, ovary, testis, kidney, bladder, brain, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and leukemia, although the ORs for the highest quartile were above unity for all neoplasms considered, except testis. Our findings add evidence that high TFA is associated with an increased risk of various cancers. Thus, a diet low in transfat may play a role in the prevention of several cancers.

Dietary fat intake and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies

“…Thirty-three potentially relevant publications [16–31] [32–47] [48] appeared to meet the specified protocol inclusion criteria after initial screening. Through further reading, six publications [41–46] contained no relevant dietary fat; two publications [47, 48] were excluded for design and dietary fat classification.…”

“…Finally, Twenty-five publications [16–31] [32–40], including sixteen case-control [16–31] (Table 1) and nine cohort [32–40] (Table 2) studies were included in the analysis of dietary fat intake and ovarian cancer risk. Results were separated by dietary fat types, including total, saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, animal, plant, dairy fat, and trans-fats.…”

Simvastatin induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits proliferation of bladder cancer cells via PPARγ signalling pathway

“…In addition, dietary factors have also been found to contribute to the disease91011. Epidemiologic studies reported that dietary total cholesterol intake and dietary fatty acids intake were associated with elevated risk of several types of cancer, including BCa1213. Meanwhile, intracellular cholesterol and fatty acids were important components for cell membrane14, especially lipid rafts and cholesterol rich membrane domains, which were required for tumor cell proliferation and metastasis1516.…”

Healthy lifestyle and risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort study

“…Several dietary components have reported associations that are supported by a biological plausibility but for which current evidence is too limited to permit a probable causal judgement in their aetiological role . Fibre, folate, carbohydrates, and different fatty acids have all been posited to affect breast cancer risk, have all been reviewed, and all remain suggestive of a causal relationship…”