Dietary Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease

Siener, Roswitha

doi:10.3390/nu10040512

Cited by 42 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As shown Table 3, other dietary targets such as salt intake were achieved in 51.6% of patients at the first visit with a median value of 8.3 g/day, whereas protein intake estimates were high (>1 g/kg body weight/day) at the first visit in 77.4% of patients and significantly decreased from a median value of 1.29 to 1.18 g/kg/day at visit 3, thus accounting for a significant decrease of daily osmoles intake and urine ammonium excretion. Indeed, lowering protein diet is expected to decrease the net acid load [36] but also phosphate excretion conversely to our data. This finding may suggest other dietary sources of phosphate such as appetizing factors, taste enhances, and consumption of large amounts of high phosphate sodas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

24-h Urine Collection: A Relevant Tool in CKD Nutrition Evaluation

et al. 2020

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Dietary management is a cornerstone of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) monitoring, and dietary surveys often difficult to perform. We studied in a CKD patient cohort with two years follow-up, whether validated 24-h urine ionogram would be a relevant tool for diet evaluation and compliance. We included 404 non-dialysis CKD patients, with three evaluations, including repeated measurements of fractional renal creatinine clearance and 24-h urine collection. Completeness of the 24-h urine collection, assessed by daily urine creatinine excretion extrapolated from fractional creatinine clearance, was 64.6%, 75.5%, and 78.2% at the first, second, and third visits, respectively. One hundred sixty-eight patients (41.6%) had three complete collections, with a measured glomerular filtration of 42.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline and prevalence of anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism of 13.9% and 26.2%, respectively, increasing during follow-up to 15% and 31.5% (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). The urine analysis showed at baseline a urine volume of above 2 L/day, and estimated sodium and protein intake within targets in 51.6% and 40.3% of cases, which improved during follow-up only for protein (to 45.9%, p < 0.0001). Our data suggest that a 24-h urine ionogram is an interesting, reliable tool in CKD patients for dietary monitoring to achieve target recommendation noteworthy salt and protein intake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

24-h Urine Collection: A Relevant Tool in CKD Nutrition Evaluation

et al. 2020

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“…The risk factors for developing a kidney stone a High protein diet [8] [9], high salt diet, male, Caucasian, obesity, dehydration, medications including antacids, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, other drugs like indinavir, acyclovir, sulfadiazine, triamterene taking four different types of infections. These can cause your intake to crystallize and create stones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Imaging in Diagnosis of Urolithiasis and Nephrolithiasis—A Literature Review Article

Gupta¹,

Li²,

Ji³

et al. 2019

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Urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis is a common ailment in the emergency room. The clinical presentation of a kidney stone includes fever, nausea, vomiting, acute flank pain radiating to the groin or the back. The pain is often described as stabbing and there is tachycardia, with or without hematuria for the severe patient. For the triad for urinary or kidney stones, some people say they are fever, vomiting, and acute flank pain. So in acute setting analgesia is given with or without an antiemetic to prevent vomiting IV fluids administered carefully. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosis. Most of urinary stones get washouts spontaneously if it is less than 5 mm without any intervention. However, if intervention is required either it is done by elective or as soon as possible by the intervention. I mean surgical management and surgical management will depend on how big the kidney stone is in there as well as where the kidney stone is if it is within the ureter or within the actual kidney.

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“…A majority of nephrolithiasis patients exhibited a decrease in citrate excretion. Alkali supplements are widely used for hypocitraturic recurrent nephrolithiasis patients to restore citrate excretion ( 47 , 48 ). Hydroxycitrate is a structural analog of citrate, which has been reported to show equivalent capacity in forming complexes with calcium, in order to inhibit crystallization ( 49 , 50 ).…”

Section: Physicochemical Mechanism Of Kidney Stone Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances on the mechanisms of kidney stone formation (Review)

et al. 2021

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Kidney stone disease is one of the oldest diseases known to medicine; however, the mechanisms of stone formation and development remain largely unclear. Over the past decades, a variety of theories and strategies have been developed and utilized in the surgical management of kidney stones, as a result of recent technological advances. Observations from the authors and other research groups suggest that there are five entirely different main mechanisms for kidney stone formation. Urinary supersaturation and crystallization are the driving force for intrarenal crystal precipitation. Randall's plaques are recognized as the origin of calcium oxalate stone formation. Sex hormones may be key players in the development of nephrolithiasis and may thus be potential targets for new drugs to suppress kidney stone formation. The microbiome, including urease-producing bacteria, nanobacteria and intestinal microbiota, is likely to have a profound effect on urological health, both positive and negative, owing to its metabolic output and other contributions. Lastly, the immune response, and particularly macrophage differentiation, play crucial roles in renal calcium oxalate crystal formation. In the present study, the current knowledge for each of these five aspects of kidney stone formation is reviewed. This knowledge may be used to explore novel research opportunities and improve the understanding of the initiation and development of kidney stones for urologists, nephrologists and primary care.

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Dietary Treatment of Metabolic Acidosis in Chronic Kidney Disease

Cited by 42 publications

References 41 publications

24-h Urine Collection: A Relevant Tool in CKD Nutrition Evaluation

24-h Urine Collection: A Relevant Tool in CKD Nutrition Evaluation

The Role of Imaging in Diagnosis of Urolithiasis and Nephrolithiasis—A Literature Review Article

Recent advances on the mechanisms of kidney stone formation (Review)

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