Dietary Vitamin-a Deficiency: Effects on Growth, Infection, and Mortality

West, Keith P.

doi:10.1177/156482659101300223

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…However, other forms of malnutrition, particularly micro-nutrient de®ciencies, that contribute to mortality may have a spatial dimension. For example, vitamin A de®ciency is partly determined by ecological and cultural factors (Johns et al, 1992), and there is evidence that it leads to more severe infections and increases child mortality (West, 1991(West, , 1993. Hence, it may have a spatial impact on mortality rates within Africa.…”

Section: Disease Environments and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease environments and subnational patterns of under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa

Root

1999

Int. J. Popul. Geogr.

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In sub‐Saharan Africa there are considerable variations in under‐five mortality between and within countries. However, an examination of subnational mortality rates for spatially contiguous African countries has not been attempted since the mid‐1970s. DHS mortality data at the provincial level were used to construct maps of under‐five mortality for contiguous countries in East/southern Africa and West Africa. These maps show spatial patterns of mortality that straddle national boundaries, suggesting the importance of regional disease environments. In East/southern Africa a saddle of high mortality is evident in northern Zambia and Malawi and low mortality belts in southern Africa and the Kenyan/Tanzanian highlands. In West Africa mortality is lowest along the coast and increases steadily into the interior, peaking in the most northerly provinces of Niger and Mali. With the aid of regression models and join‐count statistics, it is argued that the spatial pattern of mortality in West Africa is primarily due to socio–economic variations within a relatively homogeneous disease environment; while in East/southern Africa the greater heterogeneity in disease environments means that differences in intensity of malaria transmission have a major spatial impact on mortality. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Disease Environments and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Disease environments and subnational patterns of under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa

Root

1999

Int. J. Popul. Geogr.

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“…Deficiencies of vitamin A and of folate have deleterious effects on physical growth, as demonstrated in both animals (West, 1991) and man (Hadi et al 1999;Sedgh et al 2000). Folic acid and vitamin B 12 deficiencies cause megaloblastic anaemia.…”

Section: Vitamin a Folate And Vitamin B 12 Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, folic acid deficiency has been related to congenital neural tube defects (Daly et al 1995). Vitamin A deficiency increases the mortality risk associated with diarrhoea and measles (West, 1991), and vitamin C deficiency has been implicated in premature rupture of the membranes during pregnancy, as well as premature birth (Casanueva et al 1991(Casanueva et al , 1995. In the majority of these associations, supplementation with the relevant vitamins reduces and controls the magnitude of the problem.…”

Section: Vitamin a Folate And Vitamin B 12 Deficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of enriched foods in infant and child nutrition

Shamah

Villalpando

2006

Br J Nutr

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Since the last century, fortified and enriched foods are products whose original composition has been modified -through addition of essential nutrients -to satisfy specific population needs. For the fortification of foods to have a positive impact on nutritional status, the micronutrients added must be well absorbed and utilized by the organism (bioavailability). Diverse factors affect bioavailability, such as the nutritional status of individuals, the presence in the diet of substances which facilitate or inhibit its absorption, interactions among micronutrients, illnesses, and chemical characteristics of the compound used for fortification. In countries such as Chile, Venezuela and Mexico, important effects have been demonstrated in reducing iron deficiency anaemia in children under 5 years of age. In less than a decade, the salt iodization programme has also proven its effectiveness. Other programmes have fortified foods with Zn, vitamin A and folic acid, which are deficient in infants and children of many populations. In summary, food fortification is a low-cost, relatively simple strategy that may reach a wide range of people, and contribute to reducing the high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies affecting children, especially in poor countries. The costs due to losses of human capital and their repercussions on health and future development are very high. Building links among academic researchers, politicians, food manufacturers and consumers is essential in order for food fortification to be efficacious and effective, and therefore should be considered as part of an integral strategy to combat micronutrient deficiencies. Fortified and enriched foods: Micronutrient deficiencies

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“…As vitaminas também são indispensáveis ao crescimento infantil, mas, como os minerais, algumas têm ação mais acentuada sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento, a morbi-mortalidade e sobre o processo de defesa do organismo, como é o caso da vitamina A. Estudos vários têm revelado o efeito da sua suplementação sobre a saúde das crianças. 85,86 Um estudo de intervenção com a vitamina A, randomizado, duplo cego, placebo-controlado, realizado por Hadi et al, 87 com crianças indonesianas de seis a 48 meses de idade, apresentou como resultado um aumento no crescimento linear (de 0,39 cm/4 meses) e de peso (de 152 g/4 meses) quando o retinol sérico inicial era inferior a 0,35 mmol/L. Porém, quando os níveis iniciais de retinol sérico eram iguais ou superiores a 0,35 mmol/L, não foram observados diferenças no crescimento linear nem no ganho de peso dos grupos estudados.…”

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Fatores determinantes do crescimento infantil

Romani

Lira

2004

Rev. Bras. Saude Mater. Infant.

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Esta revisão enfoca os fatores que interferem no crescimento de crianças nos primeiros anos de vida. Foram utilizadas informações de artigos publicados em revistas científicas, teses e publicações de organizações internacionais. O crescimento infantil se constitui em um dos melhores indicadores de saúde da criança e o retardo estatural representa atualmente, a característica antropométrica mais representativa do quadro epidemiológico da desnutrição no Brasil. Ressaltando a importância do fator genético no crescimento, a revisão abrange com maior ênfase a atuação dos fatores extrínsecos, sabendo-se que o processo de crescimento resulta da interação entre a carga genética e os fatores do meio ambiente, os quais premitirão a maior ou menor expressão do potencial genético. Face a comprovada natureza multicausal do crescimento infantil, vários estudos têm sido desenvolvidos, buscando relacionar variáveis biológicas, socioeconômicas, maternas, ambientais, culturais, demográficas, nutricionais, entre outras, com a sua etiologia, seu desenvolvimento e sua manutenção. A revisão apresentada reforça o interesse em investigações sobre o crescimento na primeira infância que devem ser permanentes, devido, principalmente, às repercussões a longo prazo sobre a saúde infantil.

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Dietary Vitamin-a Deficiency: Effects on Growth, Infection, and Mortality

Cited by 34 publications

References 116 publications

Disease environments and subnational patterns of under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa

Disease environments and subnational patterns of under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa

The role of enriched foods in infant and child nutrition

Fatores determinantes do crescimento infantil

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