Dietary vitamin C requirement of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus

Abstract

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the minimum dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile red drum and characterize signs of vitamin C de®ciency. Semipuri®ed diets containing 400 g crude protein kg ±1 from lyophilized red drum muscle and crystalline amino acids were used in the feeding trial. The basal diet without supplemental vitamin C contained » 6 mg vitamin C kg ±1 and was fed for a 1-week conditioning period. Red drum, initially averaging » 3.6 g each, were fed diets supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, or 150 mg vitamin C kg ±1 as ascorbate polyphosphate for a period of 10 weeks. Fish fed the basal diet began to exhibit overt signs of vitamin C de®ciency, including reduced weight gain, lordosis, scoliosis and loss of equilibrium after 8 weeks. Total ascorbate was undetectable in liver of ®sh fed the basal diet while liver ascorbate levels in ®sh fed the other diets generally re¯ected dietary supplementation. Regression analysis of weight gain data using the broken-line model resulted in a minimum vitamin C requirement (SE) of 15 3 mg kg ±1 diet.

Dietary vitamin C requirement and its effects on tissue antioxidant capacity of juvenile largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides

“…At the end of this experiment, the mortality, lordosis and skin darkening rate of treatment ASA18 were about 12.2%, 10% and 28.9%, respectively. In this study, skin hemorrhaging and scoliosis reported in some other fish species (Aguirre and Gatlin, 1999;Wang et al, 2003aWang et al, , 2003b in response to vitamin C deficiency were not observed in largemouth bass, at least for an 8-week period.…”

“…Based on growth (WG and SGR), broken-line analysis projected the dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile largemouth bass to 102.6-109.5 mg/kg, which was similar with those of tilapia Oreochromis spilurus (100-200 mg/kg) (Al-Amoudi et al, 1992) and parrot fish (118 mg/kg) (Wang et al, 2003a(Wang et al, , 2003b, but it was higher than those of many other fish species ranging from 10-46.2 mg/kg such as the red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (Aguirre and Gatlin, 1999), grouper Epinephelus malabaricus Shiau, 2004, 2005), Eel Anguilla japonica (Bae et al, 2012), Japanese seabass Lateolabrax japonicus (Ai et al, 2004), tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes (Eo and Lee, 2008), and Jian carp Cyprinus carpio (Liu et al, 2011). The differences are probably due to the differences in fish species, fish size, ASA forms, feed formulations, feeding behaviors, nutritional status and rearing conditions of the fish.…”

Dietary ascorbic acid requirement of cobia, Rachycentron canadum Linneaus

“…The AA requirement estimated in the present study is similar to those of common carp (45.3 mg kg −1 , Gouillou‐Coustans et al 1998) and grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus Bloch and Schneider (45 mg kg −1 , Lin & Shiau 2005a). However, it is higher than those of channel catfish (15 mg kg −1 , Mustin & Lovell 1992), red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus Linneaus (15 mg kg −1 , Aguirre & Gatlin 1999), hybrid striped bass, Morone chrysops Rafinesque × Morone saxatilis Walbaum (22 mg kg −1 , Sealey & Gatlin 1999) and hybrid tilapia (15.98 mg kg −1 , Shiau & Hsu 1999), but lower than those of tilapia (100–200 mg kg −1 , Al‐Amoudi et al 1992), parrot fish (118 mg kg −1 , Wang et al 2003) and Japanese seabass (53.5 mg kg −1 , Ai et al 2004). The following reasons are probably responsible for these differences.…”

Vitamin C supplementation to optimize growth, health and stress resistance in aquatic animals

“…,b), yellowtail (Sakaguchi et al . ), hybrid catfish (Khajarern & Khajarern ), red drum (Aguirre & Gatlin ), hybrid striped bass (Sealey & Gatlin ), Olive flounder (Wang et al . ), parrot fish ( Oplegnathus fasciatus ) (Wang et al .…”