Dietary vitamin K<sub>3</sub> activates mitophagy, improves antioxidant capacity, immunity and affects glucose metabolism in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>

The current investigation was carried out to determine the impacts of different levels of vitamin K (VK) on the growth performance, hematological parameters, and immunological response of all-male juveniles of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus). VK3 (menadione) was added in five concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 12.0 mg kg–1 diet) in five isonitrogenous (30% cp), isocaloric (18.61 MJ kg–1) diets. The fish were fed the diets at a daily rate of 3% of their live weight, divided into 3 meals for 60 days. The results implied that supplemental VK did not provide any growth rate improvements and the efficiency of feed utilization over the control diet. Increasing dietary VK above 2 mg kg–1 feed resulted in significant retardation in fish performance and survival rates. Furthermore, supplemental VK up to 2–4 mg kg–1 increased hematological parameters, physiological functions, immune response, antioxidant capacity, and bone mineralization. Further increase in dietary VK resulted in a significant decline or level off in these parameters. Meanwhile, liver function enzymes increased progressively with dietary VK increasing. In conclusion, these findings suggest that supplemental VK maybe not be necessary for Nile tilapia growth performance, whereas about 2–4 mg kg–1 diet is required for other physiological functions. Increasing VK beyond these levels may pose adverse effects on Nile tilapia. However, further long-term studies are required to confirm these results.

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Impacts of different levels of vitamin K on the growth performance, hematological parameters, and immunological response of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abdelhamid

Gewida

El‐Sayed

et al. 2023

Aquacult Int

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Vitamin nutrition in shrimp aquaculture: A review focusing on the last decade

Liu,

To,

Dumas

et al. 2024

Aquaculture

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Cell Death in Crustacean Immune Defense

Chen,

Tayyab,

Yao

et al. 2024

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Cell death mechanisms in crustaceans are a complex interplay of processes essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and immune defense. Modes of cell death like apoptosis, necroptosis, and necrosis are well‐documented in crustaceans, serving crucial roles in removing damaged or infected cells. Unlike in other organisms, crustaceans likely lack pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death associated with innate immunity and inflammation, because they do not possess the gasdermin genes essential for this process. Recently, NETosis and ferroptosis have emerged as significant mechanisms in pathogen defense. NETosis, involving the release of DNA fibers and antimicrobial proteins, helps trap and neutralize pathogens, while ferroptosis, an iron‐dependent form of cell death, contributes to lipid peroxidation and immune responses. Cuproptosis, although not yet studied in the context of crustacean immunity, shows potential crosstalk with ferroptosis, particularly in the regulation of metal ion homeostasis, oxidative stress, and cellular metabolism. Understanding these mechanisms offers promising applications in aquaculture, such as developing targeted immune modulators and enhancing disease resistance in economically important crustacean species.

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Dietary vitamin K₃ activates mitophagy, improves antioxidant capacity, immunity and affects glucose metabolism in Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract: Micronutrients are gaining acceptance as a key nutritional regulation for maintaining physiological metabolism. Currently, information concerning vitamin K nutrition of marine crustaceans is rather limited compared to that available for...

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Impacts of different levels of vitamin K on the growth performance, hematological parameters, and immunological response of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Impacts of different levels of vitamin K on the growth performance, hematological parameters, and immunological response of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Vitamin nutrition in shrimp aquaculture: A review focusing on the last decade

Cell Death in Crustacean Immune Defense

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Dietary vitamin K3 activates mitophagy, improves antioxidant capacity, immunity and affects glucose metabolism in Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract: Micronutrients are gaining acceptance as a key nutritional regulation for maintaining physiological metabolism. Currently, information concerning vitamin K nutrition of marine crustaceans is rather limited compared to that available for...

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Impacts of different levels of vitamin K on the growth performance, hematological parameters, and immunological response of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Impacts of different levels of vitamin K on the growth performance, hematological parameters, and immunological response of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Vitamin nutrition in shrimp aquaculture: A review focusing on the last decade

Cell Death in Crustacean Immune Defense

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Dietary vitamin K₃ activates mitophagy, improves antioxidant capacity, immunity and affects glucose metabolism in Litopenaeus vannamei