Dietary zinc deprivation affects parturition and outcome of pregnancy in the ewe

Apgar, Jean; Everett, George A.; Fitzgerald, James A.

doi:10.1016/s0271-5317(05)80428-2

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Underwood and Suttle (1999) gave marginal bands of 0.4 to 0.6 mg Zn/l serum. In the forage survey, 0.88 of samples had Zn less than the IDWP allowance of 40 mg Zn/kg DM.Historically, Zn deficiency causes reduced lamb birth weight (Underwood and Suttle, 1999) and is associated with prolonged labour and retained placenta (Apgar et al, 1993). A more recent study by Ali et al (1998) who fed Barki ewes control or supplemented diets from 1 month before mating to lambing found lamb birth weight was increased from 2.9 to 4.0 kg in supplemented ewes and differences were maintained until weaning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential for improving physiological, behavioural and immunological responses in the neonatal lamb by trace element and vitamin supplementation of the ewe

Rooke¹,

Dwyer²,

Ashworth³

2008

Animal

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Neonatal lamb mortality represents both a welfare issue (due to the considerable suffering and distress) and an important production inefficiency. In lambs, approximately 80% of mortality can be attributed to the starvation-mismothering-exposure complex and occurs in the first 3 days after birth. It was the object of this review to determine the micronutrient(s) most likely to have a positive effect on neonatal lamb survival when included above the requirement for that micronutrient. Micronutrients discussed were Co, Cu, I, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, vitamins A and E and n-3 fatty acids. For Co, Fe, Mn and Zn, there was no evidence of positive responses to supplementation. Cu and I had toxicity thresholds that were sufficiently close to requirement that supplementing above requirement presented a risk of inducing toxicity. In the case of vitamin A, while serum concentrations indicated that sub-optimal status did exist, long-term buffering from liver stores (from grazing) makes experimentation difficult and practical benefits to supplementation unlikely. Therefore, the most likely candidates for supplementation were Se, vitamin E and fatty acids. Fatty acid supplementation with fish oils or docosahexaenoic acid-containing algal biomass consistently improved lamb vigour but it is unlikely that supplementation will be economic. Positive responses to Se supplementation throughout gestation were recorded. However, in many studies the Se status of control ewes was marginal and there is a need for more studies where control ewes are clearly adequate in Se. Positive responses to vitamin E supplementation above requirement in the last-third of gestation were observed but the optimum dietary inclusion of vitamin E and period of feeding during pregnancy still require clarification.Keywords: lamb mortality, sheep, supplementation, trace elements, vitamins IntroductionNeonatal lamb mortality is a significant welfare and production concern. Mortality of live-born offspring can be as high as 25%, which extrapolates to more than four million lamb deaths annually in the UK. Lamb mortality represents both a welfare issue (due to the considerable suffering and distress) and an important production inefficiency (Mellor and Stafford, 2004). In lambs, approximately 80% of mortality can be attributed to the starvation-mismotheringexposure complex and, as a consequence, the vast majority of pre-weaning deaths occur in the first 3 days after birth (Haughey, 1993). Thus the neonatal period is critical for ensuring pre-weaning survival. Since considerable technological and management changes have failed to improve these mortality figures, examining the behaviour and adaptations of the animals may be a more fruitful route to improving neonate survivability. The nutrition of the ewe is an important factor that may influence ewe and lamb behaviour and therefore survival of the lamb.Under-nutrition of the ewe has an important influence on the lamb at the extreme being manifested as intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR). The effects of under (and over)...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential for improving physiological, behavioural and immunological responses in the neonatal lamb by trace element and vitamin supplementation of the ewe

Rooke¹,

Dwyer²,

Ashworth³

2008

Animal

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“…Utilization of nutrients after digestion is impaired, including lower nitrogen and sulfur balances due to increased urinary excretion of these elements . With respect to experimental studies on calves, excessive salivation was one of the earliest clinical signs of Zn deficiency (Mills et al, 1967;Apgar et al, 1993).This may reflect a combination of copious saliva production and reluctance to swallow. Parakeratosis of the skin is perhaps the most obvious clinical sign of severely Zn-deficient ruminants (Miller, 1979).…”

Section: Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feeding a very low-Zn diet (3 ppm) during pregnancy reduced survival of newborn lambs, and pregnancy toxemia occurred as a secondary consequence of anorexia in ewes (Apgar et al, 1993). Under Australian field conditions when forages contained 17 to 28 ppm Zn, Egan (1972) obtained an increased conception rate when grazing ewes were given supplemental Zn.…”

Section: Ruminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc

McDowell

2003

Minerals in Animal and Human Nutrition

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“…25% aller abortierten Föten in einer Kollektion aus Norddeutschland (Meyer et al 1995;Hebeler 1996) legen weitere Untersuchungen in dieser Frage nahe, zumal amerikanische Autoren (Newman et al 1981) bereits Werte von < 800 µg/kg TS als marginal und für Aborte disponierend ansehen. Eine ungenügende oder überhöhte Zn-Aufnahme kann bei Schafen Aborte auslösen (Campbell und Mills 1979;Apgar et al 1993). Beobachtungen über die Zn-Gehalte in der Leber abortierter Pferdeföten, bei denen z.T.…”

Section: Feedstuffs Protein Content Of the Rations As Well As Daily unclassified

Dietary effects on the fertility of mares and the viability of newly born foals

Meyer¹,

Klug²

2001

PHK

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ZusammenfassungFütterungsfaktoren können auf verschiedenen Stufen des Reproduktionsgeschehens wirksam werden (Übersicht 1). Die Höhe der Energiezufuhr ist für das Einsetzen der Rosse, vor allem aber für das Überleben des Embryos wichtig (Tab. 1 u. 2), weniger für das fötale Wachstum (Tab. 4 Dietary effects on the fertility of mares and the viability of newly born foals Dietary factors have influence on different stages of reproduction (review 1). Energy intake is important for the onset of ovulation as well as the embryonic development (tables 1 and 2), but less for fetal growth (tab. 4). An excessive energy supply p.c. may favour twin pregnancy. Energy restriction just before parturition can induce a premature birth. Solely under extreme conditions the intake of crude protein seems to depress fertility. However, adequate intake of essential amino acids, especially methionine is important for the onset of the oestrus cycle in non pregnant, non lactating mares. A marginal intake of calcium retarded fetal growth (tab. 5). The trace elements iodine and selenium have considerable effects on the fertility of the mare and the viability of the foal. Deficiency as well as excess of iodine (tab. 8) depress viability of the foal (goitre, skeletal deformities) and probably influence embryonic and fetal development. A low intake of selenium injures the development of embryo and fetus but also the viability of the newborn (muscle disease). An extreme and long lasting deficiency of vitamin A -which rarely occurs in mares -may prejudice embryonic development and the ovarian cycle. The results of several investigations about a specific effect of β-carotene on mare's fertility parameters are contradictory (tab. 3). A low hygienic quality of the feed may disturb ovarian activity, induce abortions (infections with moulds) or reduce the viability of the foals by various toxins (tab. 7). Keywords:fertility, mares, energy supply, nutrient intake, foals, viability, feed hygienic FragestellungUnter guter Fruchtbarkeit der Stute im weitesten Sinne wird die regelmäßige jährliche Geburt eines vitalen Fohlens verstanden. Dieses Ziel wird in der Praxis kaum erreicht. Nach amerikanischen Studien beträgt die Abfohlrate (Geburt eines lebenden Fohlens) 58-80 % (Gibbs und Davidson 1991; McDowell et al. 1992), mit Variationen in Abhängigkeit von der Haltungsart sowie dem Alter der Stuten. In Deutschland werden z. T. ähnli-che Raten genannt (65,6 %, Hauk 1971

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Dietary zinc deprivation affects parturition and outcome of pregnancy in the ewe

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

The potential for improving physiological, behavioural and immunological responses in the neonatal lamb by trace element and vitamin supplementation of the ewe

The potential for improving physiological, behavioural and immunological responses in the neonatal lamb by trace element and vitamin supplementation of the ewe

Zinc

Dietary effects on the fertility of mares and the viability of newly born foals

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