Dietary β-cryptoxanthin inhibits N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in male ICR mice

Abstract

Abstract. Recent epidemiological studies have indicated that high dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables results in lower risk of bladder cancer. To confirm these findings, we investigated in the current study the effects of dietary administration with ß-cryptoxanthin extracted from Citras unshiu oranges on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN)-induced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in mice. Male ICR mice were divided into 6 experimental and control groups. Groups 1 through 4 were given OH-BBN (500 ppm) in drinking water for 6 weeks to induced urinary bladder neoplasms. Mice in groups 2, 3 and 4 were fed the diets mixed with 1, 5 and 25 ppm of ß-cryptoxanthin, respectively, starting 1 week after the cessation of OH-BBN exposure, and kept on these diets for 24 weeks until the termination of the study. Group 5 was treated with the diet containing the test compound (25 ppm) alone, and group 6 served as an untreated control. All animals were sacrificed at week 32 for histopathology and immunohistochemistry (cyclin D1). Feeding with ß-cryptoxanthin decreased the incidence and multiplicity of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of urinary bladder. Notably, the highest dose (25 ppm) of the test chemical significantly lowered the occurrence of bladder carcinoma, in conjunction with reducing the cyclin D1-positive cell ratio. These findings suggest that ß-cryptoxanthin is able to prevent OH-BBN-induced bladder carcinogenesis in mice.

Absorption, metabolism, and functions of β-cryptoxanthin

“…b-Cryptoxanthin-supplemented ICR mice had a decreased incidence of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the urinary bladder. 123 Furthermore, in a study in which F344 rats were provided varying doses of b-cryptoxanthin, the high-dose (25 ppm) group showed a decreased incidence of colon cancer. 124 Thus, besides evidence that b-cryptoxanthin may be involved in functions associated with cancer prevention, there is also some evidence linking moderate intakes of b-cryptoxanthin with cancer-preventive effects.…”

Functional food science and food for specified health use policy in Japan: state of the art

“…Carotenoid is also a matter of great interest. Astaxanthine [9 ] and cryptoxanthine [10] have gained special interest. Some papers have reported the synergy resulting from carotene-tocopherol interactions [11] and also that observed for a mixture of various carotenes [12].…”

Immunostimulatory effect of β-cryptoxanthin in vitro and in vivo

“…As with other carotenoids, b-Crp acts as an antioxidant and scavenges radicals (Miller, Sampson, Candeias, Bramley, & Rice-Evans, 1996) and stimulates the repair of oxidative damage to DNA (Lorenzo et al, 2009). Other studies have indicated that b-Crp reduces the risk of lung and colon cancers (Lian, Hu, Russell, & Wang, 2006;Miyazawa et al, 2007;Tanaka et al, 2000;Yuan, Stram, Arakawa, Lee, & Yu, 2003) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (Yamaguchi, 2008), suggesting that b-Crp has a wide range of beneficial functions in the body. However, effects of b-Crp on the immune system have not currently been investigated.…”