Dietary β-mannanase reduced post-weaning diarrhea of pigs by positively modulating gut microbiota and attenuating systemic immune responses

Abstract

Background After weaning, nursery pigs have difficulty digesting non-starch polysaccharides in their diets, which can result in growth and health problems. Among non-starch polysaccharides, β-mannan is easily found in various cereal grains that form the basis of livestock diets and interferes the digestion and utilization of nutrients. Supplementation of dietary β-mannanase in nursery diet can alleviate the negative effects on nutrient utilization efficiency caused by β-mannan and improve growth and health of pigs. This study was conducted to evaluate effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, fecal microbiota, and systemic immune responses of weaned pigs. Results Dietary β-mannanase (MAN) improved average daily gain ( P = 0.053), average daily feed intake ( P < 0.05), and gain to feed ratio ( P = 0.077) of pigs for 3 weeks after weaning and apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein ( P = 0.060) and reduced post-weaning diarrhea ( P < 0.05). The MAN did not affect the ileal morphology. Pigs fed with MAN had more diverse fecal microbiota based on the results of alpha diversity [the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs; P = 0.061), Shannon ( P = 0.071), and Simpson indices ( P = 0.078)] and relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes ( P = 0.064) and genus Prevotella ( P < 0.05) than pigs fed control diet (CON). As a result of beta diversity, fecal microbiota was clustered ( P < 0.05) into two distinct groups between dietary treatments. The MAN decreased ( P < 0.05) packed cell volume (PCV), the number of white blood cells (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and cortisol of the pigs for 2 weeks after weaning compared with CON. Conclusion Dietary β-mannanase reduced post-weaning diarrhea of pigs by positively modulating gut microbiota and attenuating systemic immune responses.