Diets naturally rich in polyphenols and/or long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differently affect microbiota composition in high-cardiometabolic-risk individuals

Vetrani, Claudia; Maukonen, Johanna; Bozzetto, Lutgarda; Pepa, Giuseppe Della; Vitale, Marilena; Costabile, Giuseppina; Riccardi, Gabriele; Rivellese, Angela Albarosa; Saarela, Maria; Annuzzi, Giovanni

doi:10.1007/s00592-020-01494-9

Cited by 46 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Some other authors demonstrated that the balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio should also be considered in this kind of nutrition strategies, at least for patients after percutaneous coronary intervention, where it seemed that a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio rather than high polyphenols and fish in the diet was the main responsible for lowering some inflammation markers and predictors of CV mortality (platelet to lymphocyte ratio and CRP) in blood [ 61 ]. A significant modulation of the microbiota composition of diets naturally rich in polyphenols and fish in subjects at high cardio metabolic risk was also reported [ 62 ] and correlated with changes in glucose and lipid metabolism. Previous studies in animal models have already demonstrated the influence of fish oils in the bioavailability of proanthocyanidins by changing the microbial-derived metabolites in rats fed both bioactive compounds [ 21 ].…”

Section: Combined Polyphenols and Fish Oils Intake For Improving Metabolic Healthmentioning

confidence: 91%

Polyphenols and Fish Oils for Improving Metabolic Health: A Revision of the Recent Evidence for Their Combined Nutraceutical Effects

Méndez

Medina

2021

Molecules

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Polyphenols and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from fish oils, i.e., eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, are well-recognized nutraceuticals, and their single antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been demonstrated in several studies found in the literature. It has been reported that the combination of these nutraceuticals can lead to three-fold increases in glutathione peroxidase activity, two-fold increases in plasma antioxidant capacity, decreases of 50–100% in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and urinary 8-isoprotanes, as well as 50–200% attenuation of common inflammation biomarkers, among other effects, as compared to their individual capacities. Therefore, the adequate combination of those bioactive food compounds and their single properties should offer a powerful tool for the design of successfully nutritional interventions for the prevention and palliation of a plethora of human metabolic diseases, frequently diet-induced, whose etiology and progression are characterized by redox homeostasis disturbances and a low-grade of chronic inflammation. However, the certain mechanisms behind their biological activities, in vivo interaction (both between them and other food compounds), and their optimal doses and consumption are not well-known yet. Therefore, we review here the recent evidence accumulated during the last decade about the cooperative action between polyphenols and fish oils against diet-related metabolic alterations, focusing on the mechanisms and pathways described and the effects reported. The final objective is to provide useful information for strategies for personalized nutrition based on these nutraceuticals.

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Section: Combined Polyphenols and Fish Oils Intake For Improving Metabolic Healthmentioning

confidence: 91%

Polyphenols and Fish Oils for Improving Metabolic Health: A Revision of the Recent Evidence for Their Combined Nutraceutical Effects

Méndez

Medina

2021

Molecules

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“…Some communities’ changes have been recorded following the incorporation of alimentary fats including n-3 PUFAs [ 36 ]. For example, diets enriched with n-3 PUFAs for high-cardiometabolic-risk patients seem to be associated with modification of lipid metabolism with the promotion of Bifidobacteria that produces butyrate, an essential metabolite for the human colon [ 37 ]. N-3 PUFAs are also thought to have positive actions on gut microbiota.…”

Section: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries

Remize¹,

Brunel²,

Silva³

et al. 2021

Marine Drugs

111

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N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are essential compounds for human health. They have been proven to act positively on a panel of diseases and have interesting anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory or anti-cancer properties. For these reasons, they are receiving more and more attention in recent years, especially future food or feed development. EPA and DHA come mainly from marine sources like fish or seaweed. Unfortunately, due to global warming, these compounds are becoming scarce for humans because of overfishing and stock reduction. Although increasing in recent years, aquaculture appears insufficient to meet the increasing requirements of these healthy molecules for humans. One alternative resides in the cultivation of microalgae, the initial producers of EPA and DHA. They are also rich in biochemicals with interesting properties. After defining macro and microalgae, this review synthesizes the current knowledge on n-3 PUFAs regarding health benefits and the challenges surrounding their supply within the environmental context. Microalgae n-3 PUFA production is examined and its synthesis pathways are discussed. Finally, the use of EPA and DHA in food and feed is investigated. This work aims to define better the issues surrounding n-3 PUFA production and supply and the potential of microalgae as a sustainable source of compounds to enhance the food and feed of the future.

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“…Several studies highlighted the effect of dietary components on both host metabolism and gut microbial ecology [29][30][31][32][33][34]38,39,41,42]. Of the 10 trials retrieved, six studied responses to carbohydrate and protein consumption, specifically manipulation of dietary components including starch, wholegrain and gluten, as a primary or secondary outcome.…”

Section: Modulation Of the Gut Microbiome Using Dietary Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Microbial Composition on Postprandial Glycaemia and Lipidaemia: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

et al. 2021

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Postprandial hyperglycaemia is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies highlight the role of the gut microbiome in influencing postprandial glycaemic (PPG) and lipidaemic (PPL) responses. The authors of this review sought to address the question: “To what extent does individual gut microbiome diversity and composition contribute to PPG and PPL responses?”. CINAHL Plus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from January 2010 to June 2020. Following screening, 22 studies were eligible to be included in the current review. All trials reported analysis of gut microbiome diversity and composition and PPG and/or PPL. Results were reported according to the ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis’ (PRISMA) statement. Individual microbiota structure was found to play a key role in determining postprandial metabolic responses in adults and is attributed to a complex interplay of diet, microbiota composition, and metagenomic activity, which may be predicted by metagenomic analysis. Alterations of gut microbiota, namely relative abundance of bacterial phylum Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, along with Enterobacteriaceae, were associated with individual variation in postprandial glycaemic response in adults. The findings of the current review present new evidence to support a personalised approach to nutritional recommendations and guidance for optimal health, management, and treatment of common metabolic disorders. In conclusion, personalised nutrition approaches based on individual microbial composition may improve postprandial regulation of glucose and lipids, providing a potential strategy to ameliorate cardiometabolic health outcomes.

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Diets naturally rich in polyphenols and/or long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids differently affect microbiota composition in high-cardiometabolic-risk individuals

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Polyphenols and Fish Oils for Improving Metabolic Health: A Revision of the Recent Evidence for Their Combined Nutraceutical Effects

Polyphenols and Fish Oils for Improving Metabolic Health: A Revision of the Recent Evidence for Their Combined Nutraceutical Effects

Microalgae n-3 PUFAs Production and Use in Food and Feed Industries

The Impact of Microbial Composition on Postprandial Glycaemia and Lipidaemia: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence

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