Diferenças na ativação muscular entre a realização de flexões com apoio fixo e com um sistema de suspensão unilateral em forma de V em diferentes alturas

Abstract

This study was designed to analyze upper extremity and core muscle activation performing push-ups under different stability conditions and body positions. Trained university male students (n= 29) performed 3 push-ups each under stable conditions and using suspension device (AirFit Trainer ProTM) with their hands at 2 different heights (i.e., 10 and 65 cm). Push-up speed was controlled using a metronome and the testing order was randomized. The average amplitudes of the electromyographic root mean square of the Triceps Brachii, Upper Trapezius, Anterior Deltoid, Clavicular Pectoralis, Rectus Abdominis, Rectus Femoris, Lumbar Erector Spinae and Gluteus Maximus were recorded and normalized to the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. A repeated-measures analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze data. Suspended push-ups provided greater activity than the stable condition, except for the Anterior Deltoid and Clavicular Pectoralis. Therefore, suspended push-ups are especially advantageous if the goal of the exercise is targeting the TRICEP, TRAPS and/or core training. Overall, performing push-ups at 65 cm from the floor decreases exercise intensity and muscle activity in comparison with the 10 cm position. Keywords: EMG, suspension training, core, body position RESUMO Este estudo foi realizado com vista a analisar a ativação muscular do tronco e "core" na realização de flexões sob diferentes condições de estabilidade e posições corporais. Estudantes universitários do sexo masculino treinados (n= 29) realizaram três flexões de braços em condições estáveis e em suspensão (AirFit instrutor ProTM) com as mãos em duas alturas diferentes (10 e 65 cm). A velocidade de execução foi controlada usando um metrónomo sendo a ordem dos testes aleatória. A amplitude média da atividade eletromiográfica do Triceps Brachii, Upper Trapezius, Anterior Deltoid, Clavicular Pectoralis, Rectus Abdominis, Rectus Femoris, Lumbar Erector Spinae e Gluteus Maximus foram registados e normalizados tendo por base a contração isométrica máxima. Foi utilizada a análise de variância para medidas repetidas, com o teste de Bonferroni para análise dos dados. Flexões de braços suspensas proporcionam maior atividade muscular do que realizadas em condição de estabilidade, com exceção do Anterior Deltoid e Clavicular Pectoralis. Portanto, flexões de braços suspensas são especialmente vantajosas se o objetivo for o treino dos Triceps Brachii, Upper Trapezius e/ou dos músculos do "core". A realização de flexões a 65 cm do chão diminui a intensidade do exercício e a atividade muscular comparativamente com a posição a 10 cm. Palavras-chave: eletromiografia, treino em suspensão, core, posição corporal Manuscript

Electromyography of shoulder muscles in individuals without scapular dyskinesis during closed kinetic chain exercises on stable and unstable surfaces: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Eight studies included both male and female participants ( 51 , 53 , 58 , 61 , 69 , 71 , 73 , 74 ), while one study did not report the gender of the participants ( 72 ). Eight studies included athletes as participants ( 21 , 52 , 55 , 61 , 63 , 67 , 70 , 73 ), six studies undertook physically active individuals ( 51 , 54 , 58 , 62 , 71 , 75 ), five studies involved students ( 4 , 56 , 57 , 66 , 68 ), four studies included physically fit individuals ( 59 , 60 , 64 , 65 ), one study included both athletes and non-athletes ( 1 ), one study included both athletes and physically fit students ( 74 ), and one study included conditioning coaches and personal trainers ( 69 ). In two studies, the type of participants was not reported ( 53 , 72 ).…”

“…Regarding the normalization methods for EMG signals, maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) was used in 15 studies ( 4 , 51 , 52 , 56 – 61 , 63 – 65 , 68 , 73 , 75 ), maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in eight studies ( 21 , 55 , 62 , 66 , 67 , 70 , 71 , 74 ), reference voluntary isometric contraction (RVIC) in one study ( 54 ), reference voluntary contraction (RVC) in one study ( 72 ), and reference isometric contraction (RIC) in one study ( 53 ). One study did not report the normalization method used ( 69 ), and in one study, the signals were not normalized ( 1 ).…”

“…The push-up exercises used in the final studies were standard push-up, knee push-up, elbow push-up, wall push-up, half push-up, push-up plus, and knee push-up plus. The muscles under investigation included the AD (15 studies) ( 1 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 58 – 61 , 63 – 66 , 71 , 74 ), PM (23 studies) ( 4 , 21 , 51 – 55 , 57 , 58 , 60 – 66 , 68 , 70 – 75 ), and TB (22 studies) ( 1 , 4 , 21 , 51 , 52 , 54 – 57 , 60 , 62 – 67 , 69 – 74 ). Additionally, the positive effect of using unstable surfaces during various types of push-up on AD muscle activity was reported in 2 studies ( 1 , 71 ), on PM muscle in 7 studies ( 4 , 53 , 61 , 62 , 70 , 71 , 74 ), and on TB muscle in 14 studies ( 1 , 4 , 21 , 51 , 52 , 57 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 65 , 67 , 69 , 71 , 73 ).…”

Short-Term Effects of Suspension Training on Strength and Power Performances

“…Considering the popularity of ST, several studies were performed in the last 5 years to investigate the cardiovascular [8,9], neuromuscular [10][11][12][13][14] and biomechanical [3,7,15] characteristics of this activity. The unstable nature of the base of support characterizing ST has been reported to stress the neuromuscular system with greater muscular demands than traditional resistance exercises performed on stable surfaces [13,14,[16][17][18] with subsequent increases in strength, attributable to changes in muscle cross-sectional area and neuromuscular coordination [13,19]. Therefore, acute [8,20] and chronic [21][22][23][24] improvements in strength, endurance, flexibility, functional and core stability have been reported in relation to ST, with the majority of studies focusing solely on either male or female participants and not addressing the gender-related differences.…”

Dominant Factors of Physical Ability Determining the Achievement of Artistic Gymnastic Techniques

“…The research results by Akhtaruzzaman et al (2016) showed that the lower limb in the leg supports superior parts: neck, head, and torso. Furthermore, Calatayud et al (2014) stated that arm muscle strength contributes to the dominant upper extremity motion pattern. Therefore, it is necessary to research the dominant factors of physical ability of athletes that support technical achievements in general artistic gymnastics and vault tools specifically.…”