Difference in difference: language, geography, and ethno-racial identity in contemporary Iran

Elling, Rasmus Christian; Harris, Kevan

doi:10.1080/01419870.2021.1895275

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Iran was one of the countries most affected by COVID-19 in the Middle-east 25 , 26 . A variety of ethnic groups, immigrants, and refugees reside in Iran and comprise a multicultural population 28 . It is also considered the region’s religious hub and has a high tourist flow from neighboring countries 10 - 12 , 29 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Covid-19-Related Social Distancing Restrictions on Maxillofacial Fractures Epidemiology

Samieirad,

Shirvan,

Grillo

et al. 2023

WJPS

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Background: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the changes in maxillofacial fracture epidemiology and etiology regarding Covid-19-related social distancing restrictions in an Iranian population. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken in six major trauma center hospitals in Iran in a period of two years (March 2018 until March 2020). The primary outcome variable was the maxillofacial fractures incidence. Patients’ demographic data, date of injury as well as fracture characteristics, fracture etiology, type, and site were all recorded, compared, and analyzed in the control and experimental groups. Results: The patients consisted of 520 (83.6%) males and 102 (16.4%) females. Patients sustaining maxillofacial fractures over this two-year period displayed a mean age of 31.24±14.44, with an age range of 2 to 88 years. The incidence of maxillofacial fractures significantly decreased in all age groups (p<0.001). After social distancing restrictions were placed; there was a significant drop in the number of subjects attending due to motorcycle collisions and road traffic accidents, whereas the number of fractures caused by assaults and domestic violence significantly increased (p<0.001 for each). Conclusion: The investigators realized that social distancing restrictions were able to change the trends and patterns in maxillofacial fracture incidence and etiology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Covid-19-Related Social Distancing Restrictions on Maxillofacial Fractures Epidemiology

Samieirad,

Shirvan,

Grillo

et al. 2023

WJPS

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“…Soleimani and Mohammadpour (2019, 2020) argue that Sunni Kurds' opposition to the Islamic Republic arises in part from such ‘inclusionary exclusion’; an exclusion that legitimizes and promotes usage of the term ‘Rojhelat’ (eastern Kurdistan) when referring to Iranian Kurdistan. However, as Elling and Harris (2021) and Akbarzadeh et al (2020) have stated, for the majority of Iranian Kurds, being both Iranian and Kurd are not contradictory notions. This might partially explain why they sometimes incline towards the Iranian nationalist rhetoric in order to protest against the domination of Azeris in the local political field.…”

Section: The Nation Denied: Seeking Refuge From Peripheral Domination...mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Building on the ambiguity inherent in adopting the Western idea of 'nation' in the Iranian context (Elling & Harris, 2021), both the Iranian state and Iranian nationalists present the highly politicized Kurdish issue in Iran as an internal problem of minority rights that needs to be treated similarly to any non-politicized ethnic group within the multi-ethnic state, such as the Lurs or Gilaks (see e.g. Ahmadi, 1999;Amanat, 2012;Ansari, 2012;Bayat, 2008;Elling, 2013;Saleh, 2013;Saleh & Worrall, 2015).…”

Section: The Nation Denied: Seeking Refuge From Peripheral Domination...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond a centre‐periphery approach: Inter‐minority tensions and the development of contested categories of Kurdish mobilization in Iran

Khalili

2022

Studies Ethnicity & National

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A significant feature of Kurdish history over the last several decades has been the proclivity of the Kurds for ethnic mobilization. The socio-political incentives that lead to the mobilization of different Kurdish subgroups are usually complex and occasionally serve ambiguous political aspirations. To unpack such complexities, as the title of this paper suggests, it is useful to add an additional analytical lens to the common centre-periphery approach (i.e. state nationalism vs. Kurdish resistance) by focusing on the mobilization incentives within the local context. To do so, the paper presents an ethnographic study of the social processes that shape the dynamics of Kurdish mobilization in the multi-ethnic city of Urmia in northwestern Iran, where Kurmanji-speaking Kurds live together with Azerbaijani Turks and in close proximity to Soranispeaking Iranian Kurds. The paper argues that the mobilization incentives for the Kurmanji-speaking Kurds in the local context of Urmia often serve contradictory political ends, ranging from denial of the Kurdish nation at the inter-ethnic layer to dividing it at the intra-ethnic layer, and romanticizing it at the transnational layer. The broader contribution of this paper is to elucidate how these different and sometimes contradictory forms of ethnic mobilization are able to coexist, given that they are all characterized by the same emancipatory force -'a politico-symbolic struggle over power and prestige', in Bourdieu's terminology.

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“…►Table 1 shows the percentages of the ethnic groups that comprise the population of Iran, and Persian, Azari, and Kurd are the groups with the highest percentages. [8][9][10] The province and city of the patient's residence as well as ethnicity were extracted based on the first three digits of the patient's national code.…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Manifestations of Wegener Granulomatosis in Iranian Ethnicities Using the K-Means Algorithm: A Descriptive Study

Khedmatkon,

Alesaeidi,

Hajialiasgari

et al. 2024

Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol

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Introduction Wegener granulomatosis (WG) appears with clinical symptoms, including recurrent respiratory infection, renal manifestations, and nonspecific systemic symptoms. Objective To study the clinical manifestations of WG in Iranian ethnicities, and data on 164 patients were recorded from 2013 to 2018. Methods The data included demographics, symptoms, and the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). The symptoms involved the following sites: the nose, sinus, glottis, ears, lungs, kidneys, eyes, central nervous system, mucous membranes, skin, heart, stomach, intestine, as well as general symptoms. The clinical manifestations of nine ethnicities were analyzed. Results In total, 48% of the patients were male and 51% were female, with a median age of 51 years. The BVAS was of 15.4, the sites most involved were the sinus (n = 155), nose (n = 126), lungs (n = 125), and ears (n = 107). Gastrointestinal (n = 14) and cardiac (n = 7) involvement were less common. Among the patients, 48.17% were Persian, 13.41% were Azari, 11.17% were Gilaki, 11.17% were Kurd, and 10.9% were Lor. Conclusion Our findings indicated that the sinus, nose, lungs, and ears were the sites most involved, and gastrointestinal and cardiac involvement were less common. In the present study, involvement of the upper and lower respiratory tract was higher than that reported in Western and Asian case series. Moreover, we report for the first time that, in all patients with ear involvement, the left ear was the first to be affected. The clinical manifestations among Iranian ethnicities were not different, and the Gilaki ethnicity had the highest BVAS, mostly because the weather was humid; therefore, in Iran, in areas with humidity, the rate of the disease was higher.

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Difference in difference: language, geography, and ethno-racial identity in contemporary Iran

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

The Effect of Covid-19-Related Social Distancing Restrictions on Maxillofacial Fractures Epidemiology

The Effect of Covid-19-Related Social Distancing Restrictions on Maxillofacial Fractures Epidemiology

Beyond a centre‐periphery approach: Inter‐minority tensions and the development of contested categories of Kurdish mobilization in Iran

Clinical Manifestations of Wegener Granulomatosis in Iranian Ethnicities Using the K-Means Algorithm: A Descriptive Study

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