Difference in long-term relapse rates between youths with ketamine use and those with stimulants use

Wang, Liang‐Jen; Chen, Mei‐Yen; Lin, Chin-Yin; Chong, Mian‐Yoon; Chou, Wen-Jiun; You, Yu-Han; Tsai, Chih-Pu; Chen, Yi-Syuan; Lu, Shing-Fang

doi:10.1186/s13011-018-0188-8

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…It was found that compared to patients using ketamine, those using MDMA or methamphetamine had 2.65 times higher relapse rates. This finding was consistent with our previous long-term follow-up study [36]. The difference in relapse risk was associated with the pharmacological properties of ketamine and stimulants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Predictors of five-year relapse rates of youths with substance abuse who underwent a family-oriented therapy program

You¹,

Lu²,

Tsai³

et al. 2020

Ann Gen Psychiatry

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Background: Substance abuse among young people has become a serious public health problem for years. The risk of relapse among illicit drug use is essential for developing adequate substance reuse prevention policies. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the potential predictor in long-term relapse rates among young patients that underwent a family-based treatment program. Methods: To perform this study, 103 young patients with substance use (mean age: 16.2 years, 78.6% male) were referred to participate in a 10-week family-based treatment program. At the beginning and at the end of the treatment, the patients were required to fill out the Chinese Craving Beliefs Questionnaire (CCBQ), the Adolescents' Behavior-problem Scale (ABS), and the Family APGAR. Furthermore, the patients' caregivers had to fill out the Family APGAR, the 12-item version of the Chinese Health Questionnaire (CHQ), and the Parenting Stress Index (PSI). All patients were followed up for 5 years in order to observe their long-term outcomes regarding substance use relapse. Results: During the 10-week family-oriented programs, the CCBQ scores, the CHQ scores and the Child-domain of PSI significantly decreased. Better changes in patients' behavioral problems during the treatment program predicted a lesser likelihood of substance use relapse in the subsequent 5 years. Furthermore, methamphetamine or 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine use and living in single-parent families were two factors associated with higher relapse rates. Conclusions: The changes in patients' behavioral problems during the treatment program may serve as a predictor of substance use relapse over the subsequent 5 years. This study's findings provide insight about substance use prevention and serve as a reference for policy-making.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Predictors of five-year relapse rates of youths with substance abuse who underwent a family-oriented therapy program

You¹,

Lu²,

Tsai³

et al. 2020

Ann Gen Psychiatry

Self Cite

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“…c People and person-years at risk: 9731 and 29 041, respectively, for males; 1920 and 5727, respectively, for females; and 11 651 and 34 768, respectively, for the total. 34.8%) and a higher rate in males (45.2%) than in females (35.5%) [45]. For comparison, the recidivism rates among the post-release prisoners who were incarcerated for using heroin or methamphetamine were higher, with a 3-year recidivism rate of approximately 65% for heroin and 58% for methamphetamine [43].…”

Section: Age (Years)mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…A Canadian outreach study of street-involved youths who used stimulants or opioids also found a 6-month relapse rate of 67% [44]. There has been only one study examining the recidivism of recreational ketamine use in a small number of adolescents who were ordered by the court to attend an outpatient family-oriented treatment program; the reported 7-year recidivism rate of 34.8% for ketamine use [45] was much lower than the 5-year recidivism rate of heroin or methamphetamine use. To date, there has been no research on recidivism among adult ketamine users anywhere in the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First‐time offenders for recreational ketamine use under a new penalty system in Taiwan: incidence, recidivism and mortality in national cohorts from 2009 to 2017

Pan

Chen

et al. 2020

Addiction

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Background and aims Ketamine has become a new recreational drug of choice among young people in parts of Asia.Using national databases in Taiwan, this study aimed to (1) examine the yearly trend in the ketamine offence rate over time; (2) estimate the 3-year risk of drug-related re-offence and its correlates among the first-time offenders; and (3) estimate the 3-year standardized mortality ratio (SMR) among the first-time offenders. Design, Setting and Participants Retrospective cohort studies of offenders for recreational ketamine use in a penalty system initiated in 2009. Offenders for recreational ketamine use were identified from the Administrative Penalty System for Schedule III/IV Substances database from 2009 to 2017, and the re-offence rate and mortality among first-time offenders were assessed via record-linkage within the database as well as with both the criminal drug offence database and the national mortality database. The cohort from 2009 to 2016 (n = 39 178) was used for the recidivism analysis and the cohort from 2009 to 2013 (n = 25 357) was used for the 3-year SMR analysis. Measurements Recidivism was estimated using survival analysis of the event as re-arrest for using ketamine, more serious illicit drugs (Schedules I/II), or any illicit drugs (ketamine or Schedules I/II). SMRs were estimated for overall and cause-specific death within 3 years after the first offence for ketamine use. Findings The age-standardized rates for both prevalent (1.38 per 1000) and first-time offenders (0.65 per 1000) peaked in 2013 and then decreased steadily. The 3-year risk of re-offence was 33.85% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 33.23-34.47%) for ketamine use and 39.52% (95% CI = 39.00-40.04%) for any illicit drug use. These first-time offenders had an SMR of 4.9 (95% CI = 4.3-5.4) for overall mortality, 2.1 (95% CI = 1.6-2.7) for natural deaths and 7.6 (95% CI = 6.7-8.6) for unnatural deaths. Conclusions Recreational ketamine use in Taiwan appears to lead not only to high risk for drug-related re-offence but also to excess mortality.

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“…In recent years, its easy accessibility, low price, and relatively short-acting effect have led to an increase in its illegal use by teenagers as a recreational drug. It is categorized as a schedule 3 controlled drug in Taiwan and has emerged as the most common illegal drug 1 . In 2007, Shahani et al reported a new clinical entity of ulcerative cystitis related to chronic ketamine use 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smaller bladder capacity and stronger bladder contractility in patients with ketamine cystitis are associated with elevated TRPV1 and TRPV4

Yang

Jhang

Hsu

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Stronger contractility and smaller bladder capacity are common symptoms in ketamine cystitis (KC). This study investigates the association between expression levels of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V (TRPV) proteins and the clinical characteristics of KC. Bladder tissues were obtained from 24 patients with KC and four asymptomatic control subjects. Video urodynamic parameters were obtained before surgical procedures. The TRPV proteins were investigated by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, and immunohistochemistry. The Pearson test was used to associate the expression levels of TRPV proteins with clinical characteristics of KC. The expression level of TRPV1 and TRPV4 was significantly higher in the severe KC bladders than in mild KC or control bladders. The TRPV1 proteins were localized in all urothelial cell layers, and TRPV4 was located in the basal cells and lamina propria. The expression of TRPV1 was negatively associated with maximal bladder capacity (r = − 0.66, P = 0.01). The expression of TRPV4 was positively associated with the velocity of detrusor pressure rise to the maximum flow rate (r = 0.53, P = 0.01). These observations suggest smaller bladder capacity and stronger contractility in KC are associated with an elevated expression of TRPV1 and TRPV4, respectively.

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Difference in long-term relapse rates between youths with ketamine use and those with stimulants use

Cited by 14 publications

References 46 publications

Predictors of five-year relapse rates of youths with substance abuse who underwent a family-oriented therapy program

Predictors of five-year relapse rates of youths with substance abuse who underwent a family-oriented therapy program

First‐time offenders for recreational ketamine use under a new penalty system in Taiwan: incidence, recidivism and mortality in national cohorts from 2009 to 2017

Smaller bladder capacity and stronger bladder contractility in patients with ketamine cystitis are associated with elevated TRPV1 and TRPV4

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