Difference in Long-Term Trends in COPD Mortality between China and the U.S., 1992–2017: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis

Wen, Haoyu; Xie, Conghua; Wang, Lu; Wang, Fang; Wang, Yafeng; Liu, X.; Yu, Chuanhua

doi:10.3390/ijerph16091529

Cited by 22 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“… 24 In China, COPD was the third leading cause of death and accounted for more 965.9 thousand deaths in 2017. 25 There was accumulating evidence suggesting that influenza vaccination was associated with a reduced risk of mortality in COPD patients and seasonal influenza vaccination was recommended by international and national health organizations; nonetheless coverage remains sub-optimal compared to recommended targets. 26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality burden from seasonal influenza in Chongqing, China, 2012–2018

Qin²,

Ding³

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Purpose: To estimate influenza-associated excess mortality rates (EMRs) in Chongqing from 2012 to 2018. Methods: We obtained weekly mortality data for all-cause and four underlying causes of death (circulatory and respiratory disease (CRD), pneumonia and influenza (P&I), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ischemic heart disease (IDH)), and influenza surveillance data, from 2012 to 2018. A negative-binomial regression model was used to estimate influenza-associated EMRs in two age groups (<65 years and ≥65 years). Results: It was estimated that an annual average of 10025 influenza-associated deaths occurred in Chongqing, corresponding to 5.2% of all deaths. The average EMR for all-cause death associated with influenza was 33.5 (95% confidence interval (CI): 31.5-35.6) per 100 000 persons, and in separate causespecific models we attributed 24.7 (95% CI: 23.3-26.0), 0.8 (95% CI: 0.7-0.8), 8.5 (95% CI: 8.1-9.0) and 5.0 (95% CI: 4.7-5.3) per 100 000 persons EMRs to CRD, P&I, COPD and IDH, respectively. The estimated EMR for influenza B virus was 20.6 (95% CI: 20.3-21.0), which was significantly higher than the rates of 5.3 (95% CI: 4.5-6.1) and 7.5 (95% CI: 6.7-8.3) for A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) pdm09 virus, respectively. The estimated EMR was 152.3 (95% CI: 136.1-168.4) for people aged ≥65 years, which was significantly higher than the rate for those aged <65 years (6.8, 95% CI: 6.3-7.2). Conclusions: Influenza was associated with substantial EMRs in Chongqing, especially among elderly people. Influenza B virus caused a relatively higher excess mortality impact compared with A(H1N1) pdm09 and A(H3N2). It is advisable to optimize future seasonal influenza vaccine reimbursement policy in Chongqing to curb disease burden. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mortality burden from seasonal influenza in Chongqing, China, 2012–2018

Qin²,

Ding³

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…In 2017, 60.73 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were recorded, and 2.60 million deaths could be attributable to tobacco in China ( 7 ). Tobacco is a crucial risk factor for the leading causes of death in China, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, stroke, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) ( 8 – 11 ). Given the large number of populations affected by tobacco and the heavy tobacco-attributable disease burdens in China, a comprehensive study of the tobacco-attributable disease burden is urgently needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Disease Burden Attributable to Tobacco in China, 1990–2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Wen

Xie

Wang

et al. 2020

Front. Public Health

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In 2018, there were more than 371 million cigarette smokers and 12. 6 million electronic cigarette users, with 340.2 million non-smokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) in China, which resulted in heavy tobacco-attributable disease burden. According to the definition by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017), tobacco is a level 2 risk factor that consists of three sublevel risk factors, namely, smoking, SHS, and chewing tobacco. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the trends in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to tobacco, smoking, SHS, and chewing tobacco by sex in China from 1990 to 2017 and to explore the leading causes of tobacco-attributable deaths and DALYs using data from the GBD 2017. From 1990 to 2017, the tobacco-attributable death rates per 100,000 people decreased from 75.65 [95% uncertainty interval (95% UI) = 56.23-97.74] to 70.90 (95% UI = 59.67-83.72) in females and increased from 198.83 (95% UI = 181.39-217.47) to 292.39 (95% UI = 271.28-313.76) in males. From 1990 to 2017, the tobacco-attributable DALY rates decreased from 2209.11 (95% UI = 1678.63-2791.91) to 1489.05 (95% UI = 1237.65-1752.57) in females and increased from 5650.42 (95% UI = 5070.06-6264.39) to 6994.02 (95% UI = 6489.84-7558.41) in males. In 2017, the tobacco-attributable deaths in China were concentrated on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke. The focus of tobacco control for females was SHS in 1990, whereas smoking and SHS were equally important for tobacco control in females in 2017. Increasing tobacco taxes and prices may be the most effective and feasible measure to reduce tobacco-attributable disease burdens.

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“…Age is a major risk factor for mortality resulting from respiratory diseases such as influenza, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pumolnary disease (COPD), the recent coronavirus-induced disease 19 (COVID19) and cardiovascular diseases [143][144][145][146][147]. While some studies describe the protective roles of γδ T cells in influenza infections [148][149][150][151], klebsiella pneumonia [152], cardiac γδ T cells in dystrophin-deficient mice [153], and also the distribution of γδ T cells in COPD [154], this type of study does not involve the concept of aging.…”

Section: γδ T Cells Respiratory Diseases and The Utility Of Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aging of γδ T Cells

Lau

Fülöp

et al. 2020

Cells

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In the coming decades, many developed countries in the world are expecting the "greying" of their populations. This phenomenon poses unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems. Aging is one of the most important risk factors for infections and a myriad of diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. A common denominator that is implicated in these diseases is the immune system. The immune system consists of the innate and adaptive arms that complement each other to provide the host with a holistic defense system. While the diverse interactions between multiple arms of the immune system are necessary for its function, this complexity is amplified in the aging immune system as each immune cell type is affected differently-resulting in a conundrum that is especially difficult to target. Furthermore, certain cell types, such as γδ T cells, do not fit categorically into the arms of innate or adaptive immunity. In this review, we will first introduce the human γδ T cell family and its ligands before discussing parallels in mice. By covering the ontogeny and homeostasis of γδ T cells during their lifespan, we will better capture their evolution and responses to age-related stressors. Finally, we will identify knowledge gaps within these topics that can advance our understanding of the relationship between γδ T cells and aging, as well as age-related diseases such as cancer.Their well-characterized roles further imply the physiological importance of age-associated T-cell adaptations, which garners the widespread scientific interest that has contributed to the current depth of T-cell-related investigations [14,15].T cells can essentially be classified into the adaptive arm, although minority subsets exhibit an innate phenotype. Adaptive T cells include those expressing an αβ T cell receptor (TCR) at their surface and "innate-like" T cells are comprised of T cells expressing a γδ TCR, mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT), invariant natural killer T (iNKT) and germline-encoded mycolyl lipid-reactive (GEMT) [16]. This classification is based on their response speed when encountering new antigens and the ability to form memory cells that persist in long-term immunosurveillance. In this review, we will focus on γδ T cells and their contextual importance in cancer immunosurveillance, and on the reactivation of latent infections such as tuberculosis and virus-infected cells, as these topics require consolidation in the literature but are often neglected in the aging context.First, we will describe γδ T cells and their respective ligands in both mice and human. Next, we will analyze γδ T cells from cradle to grave (i.e., development to old age) to understand their aging trajectory during lifespan. Finally, we will suggest future developments that are necessary for our comprehension of how γδ T cells subsets are affected during the aging process. A better understanding of γδ T cell biology should enable scientists to tailor optimized immunotherapy that targets age-associated immune impairments in th...

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Difference in Long-Term Trends in COPD Mortality between China and the U.S., 1992–2017: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis

Cited by 22 publications

References 70 publications

Mortality burden from seasonal influenza in Chongqing, China, 2012–2018

Mortality burden from seasonal influenza in Chongqing, China, 2012–2018

Trends in Disease Burden Attributable to Tobacco in China, 1990–2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

The Aging of γδ T Cells

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