Difference in Simulated Low-Frequency Sound Propagation in the Various Species of Baleen Whale

Tsuchiya, Toshio; Naoi, Jun; Futa, Koji; Kikuchi, Toshiaki

doi:10.1143/jjap.43.3193

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Water is a highly suitable medium to conduct sound waves. Sound propagates about four times faster in water than in air and can transmit information over much longer distances (Hawkins, ; Tsuchiya, Naoi, Futa, & Kikuchi, ). However, considerable energy expenditure is needed to produce sound loud enough to propagate over large distances.…”

Section: Acoustic Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, the use of sound in long‐distance underwater communication is reported solely for large animals, like cetaceans (Janik, ). Sounds produced by many whale species have the potential to travel over several thousand kilometres (Tsuchiya et al, ). They are known to play a crucial role in finding mating partners (Croll et al, ), organizing social groups (Clapham, ; Payne & Webb, ) or hunting (Panova, Belikov, Agafonov, & Bel'kovich, ).…”

Section: Acoustic Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aggressive communication in aquatic environments

Frommen

2019

Functional Ecology

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1. Aggressive interactions are ubiquitous among animals. They are either directed towards heterospecifics, like predators or competitors, or conspecifics. During intraspecific encounters, aggression often serves to establish hierarchies within the social group. Thus, in order to understand the mechanisms mediating social organization, it is important to comprehend the escalation and avoidance of aggressive behaviour.2. Overt aggressive interactions are costly not only in terms of increased risk of injury or death, but also due to opportunity costs and energy expenditure. In order to reduce these costs, animals are expected to communicate their strength and aggressive motivation prior to fights. For this purpose, they use different means of communication in various sensory modalities, that is visual, acoustic, chemical, mechanosensory and electric cues. These different modalities can convey different or similar information, underlining the importance of understanding the multimodal communication of aggression.3. Thus far, most studies on signalling during aggressive encounters have focussed on visual or acoustic cues, most likely as these are the two modalities predominantly used by humans. However, depending on the species' ecology, visual or acoustic cues might play a minor role for many species. Especially in aquatic systems, visual communication is often hampered due to high levels of turbidity or limited light conditions. Here, alternative modalities such as chemical, mechanical or electrical cues are expected to play a prominent role. 4. In this review, I provide an overview of different modalities used during aggressive communication in aquatic organisms. I highlight the importance of studying the role of multimodal communication during aggressive encounters in general and discuss the importance of understanding aquatic communication in the light of conservation and animal welfare issues. K E Y W O R D S acoustic cues, aggression, chemical cues, contest theory, electric cues, mechanosensory cues, multimodal communication, visual cues | 365 Functional Ecology FROMMEN 1 | INTRODUC TI ON Most interactions between individuals involve some form of communication. Animals communicate when coordinating cooperative behaviours, choosing a mating partner, raising their offspring or avoiding predators. Understanding animal communication is thus crucial to understand animal behaviour in general. Consequently, animal communication has become a central topic in behavioural research within the last decades, witnessed by the publication of considerable numbers of scientific studies and textbooks focussing on different facets of this fascinating topic, ranging from the physiological foundations to the evolutionary consequences of animal communication (e.g., Bradbury & Vehrencamp, 1998; Maynard Smith & Harper, 2003; Stevens, 2013). Given the ubiquitous importance of animal communication in multifarious fields of research, it is not astonishing that there exists a huge variety of different definitions of terms. Box 1 provides ...

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Section: Acoustic Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acoustic Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggressive communication in aquatic environments

Frommen

2019

Functional Ecology

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“…The size of these underwater acoustic communication networks varies enormously depending on species and location, but they can stretch for hundreds of miles (p. 393). Research in acoustical oceanography suggests the possibility that whales communicate over even longer-distances by utilizing the “deep sound” or SOFAR channel, reflecting their ocean-spanning migratory patterns (Janick, 2005; Tsuchiya et al , 2004)[7]. Together, whale communicative capacities are increasingly being stated as evidence of cetacean culture and personhood (Whitehead and Rendell, 2014).…”

Section: Tree Talk and Whale Songmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigenizing the Anthropocene? Specifying and situating multi-species encounters

Adams

2019

IJSSP

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to articulate a meaningful response to recent calls to “indigenize” and “decolonize” the Anthropocene in the social sciences and humanities; and in doing so to challenge and extend dominant conceptualisations of the Anthropocene offered to date within a posthuman and more-than-human intellectual context. Design/methodology/approach The paper develops a radical material and relational ontology, purposefully drawing on an indigenous knowledge framework, as it is specifically exemplified in Maori approaches to anthropogenic impacts on species and multi-species entanglements. The paper takes as its focus particular species of whales, trees and humans and their entanglements. It also draws on, critically engages with, and partially integrates posthuman and more-than-human theory addressing the Anthropocene. Findings The findings of this study are that we will benefit from approaching the Anthropocene from situated and specific ontologies rooted in place, which can frame multi-species encounters in novel and productive ways. Research limitations/implications The paper calls for a more expansive and critical version of social science in which the relations between human and more-than-human becomes much more of a central concern; but in doing so it must recognize the importance of multiple histories, knowledge systems and narratives, the marginalization of many of which can be seen as a symptom of ecological crisis. The paper also proposes adopting Zoe Todd’s suggested tools to further indigenize the Anthropocene – though there remains much more scope to do so both theoretically and methodologically. Practical implications The paper argues that Anthropocene narratives must incorporate deeper colonial histories and their legacies; that related research must pay greater attention to reciprocity and relatedness, as advocated by posthuman scholarship in developing methodologies and research agendas; and that non-human life should remain firmly in focus to avoid reproducing human exceptionalism. Social implications In societies where populations are coming to terms in different ways with living through an era of environmental breakdown, it is vital to seek out forms of knowledge and progressive collaboration that resonate with place and with which progressive science and humanities research can learn and collaborate; to highlight narratives which “give life and dimension to the strategies – oppositional, affirmative, and yes, often desperate and fractured – that emerge from those who bear the brunt of the planet’s ecological crises” (Nixon, 2011, p. 23). Originality/value The paper is original in approaching the specific and situated application of indigenous ontologies in some of their grounded everyday social complexity, with the potential value of opening up the Anthropocene imaginary to a more radical and ethical relational ontology.

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“…Moreover, we have proposed the possibility that whales communicate with each other using a low-frequency sound over a long range. 1) It is known that groups of whales often strand in specific areas in the world. 2) This problem is thought to be caused by a change in the ambient noise structures near the coast, where the whale lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Cutoff Effect and Sound Field Caused by Geometrical Structures near the Coast

Naoi¹,

Iwase²,

Kikuchi³

et al. 2006

jjap

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The mysterious mass stranding of whales often arises in specific areas in the world. Moreover, vibrational noise, suspected to originate from large-scale construction in coastal areas, is problem. These problems could be considered to be related to sound propagation near coastal areas with a special geometrical structure and an ambient noise environment. We set up a propagation model in a coastal area, and simulated low-frequency sound propagation near the coast using the parabolic equation method (PE method) and the normal mode method. It has been shown that low-frequency sound cannot propagate from the ocean to the coast owing to the cutoff effect of shallow water that occurs when there is a water layer with a basement half space. However, when the water layer has a sediment layer, mode coupling occurs between the water layer and the sediment layer and propagation attenuation rapidly decreases. Sound can propagate to the coast in this case.

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Difference in Simulated Low-Frequency Sound Propagation in the Various Species of Baleen Whale

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Aggressive communication in aquatic environments

Aggressive communication in aquatic environments

Indigenizing the Anthropocene? Specifying and situating multi-species encounters

Variation in Cutoff Effect and Sound Field Caused by Geometrical Structures near the Coast

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