Difference method for analysing infrared images in pigs with elevated body temperatures

Siewert, Christiane; Dänicke, Sven; Kersten, Susanne; Brosig, Bianca; Rohweder, Dirk; Beyerbach, Martin; Seifert, H

doi:10.1016/j.zemedi.2013.11.001

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, in order to apply IRT to fever diagnosis, modeling the correlation between skin temperature and internal temperature becomes inevitable. Previous research has shown that the "thermal windows" of pigs, such as the sulcus auriculae posterior [15], eye [16], and vulva [11,12], are highly correlated with the surface temperature and internal temperature of swine. Such regions are usually referred to as regions of interest (ROI).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contact Evaluation of Pigs’ Body Temperature Incorporating Environmental Factors

Jia

Meng

et al. 2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Internal body temperature is the gold standard for the fever of pigs, however non-contact infrared imaging technology (IRT) can only measure the skin temperature of regions of interest (ROI). Therefore, using IRT to detect the internal body temperature should be based on a correlation model between the ROI temperature and the internal temperature. When heat exchange between the ROI and the surroundings makes the ROI temperature more correlated with the environment, merely depending on the ROI to predict the internal temperature is unreliable. To ensure a high prediction accuracy, this paper investigated the influence of air temperature and humidity on ROI temperature, then built a prediction model incorporating them. The animal test includes 18 swine. IRT was employed to collect the temperatures of the backside, eye, vulva, and ear root ROIs; meanwhile, the air temperature and humidity were recorded. Body temperature prediction models incorporating environmental factors and the ROI temperature were constructed based on Back Propagate Neural Net (BPNN), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). All three models yielded better results regarding the maximum error, minimum error, and mean square error (MSE) when the environmental factors were considered. When environmental factors were incorporated, SVR produced the best outcome, with the maximum error at 0.478 °C, the minimum error at 0.124 °C, and the MSE at 0.159 °C. The result demonstrated the accuracy and applicability of SVR as a prediction model of pigs′ internal body temperature.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Contact Evaluation of Pigs’ Body Temperature Incorporating Environmental Factors

Jia

Meng

et al. 2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, porcine as well as human febrile response has been characterised by slow and blunted changes in rectal temperature compared to skin temperature (Siewert et al., ) or arterially measured body core temperature (Greenes & Fleisher, ). While the difference between rectal and PA measurement is stated with rectal temperature 0.1–0.2°C above PA in human intensive care patients (Fulbrook, ; Rotello, Crawford, & Terndrup, ), data from porcine intensive care patients showed a difference between rectal and femoral artery with arterial values being 0.2–0.4°C above rectal ones (Hanneman et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between body temperatures and inflammation indicators under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in pigs exposed to systemic lipopolysaccharide and dietary deoxynivalenol

Tesch

Bannert

Kluess

et al. 2017

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryWe studied the constancy of the relationship between rectal and intraabdominal temperature as well as their linkage to inflammatory markers (leucocyte counts, kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio (Kyn-Trp ratio), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in healthy and in pigs exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and/or deoxynivalenol (DON). Barrows (n = 44) were fed 4 weeks either a DON-contaminated (4.59 mg DON/kg feed) or a control (CON) diet and equipped with an intraabdominal temperature logger and a multicatheter system (V.portae hepatis, V.lienalis, Vv.jugulares) facilitating infusion of 0.9% NaCl (CON) or LPS (7.5 μg/kg BW) and simultaneous blood sampling. Body temperatures were measured and blood samples taken every 15 min for leucocyte counts, TNF-α and Kyn-Trp ratio. Combination of diet and infusion created six groups: CON_CON jug .-CON por. , CON_CON jug. -LPS por. , CON_LPS jug. -CON por. , DON_CON jug. -CON por. , DON_CON jug. -LPS por. , DON_LPS jug. -CON por. . The relationship between both temperatures was not uniform for all conditions. Linear regression revealed that an intraabdominal increase per 1°C increase in rectal temperature was ~25% higher in all LPS-infused pigs compared to NaCl-infusion, albeit diet and site of LPS infusion modified the magnitude of this difference. Inflammatory markers were only strongly present under LPS influence and showed a significant relationship with body temperatures. For example, leucocyte counts in clinically inconspicuous animals were only significantly correlated to core temperature in DON-fed pigs, but in all LPSinfused groups, irrespective of diet and temperature method. In conclusion, the gradient between body core and rectal temperature is constant in clinically inconspicuous pigs, but not under various pathophysiological conditions. In the latter, measurement of inflammatory markers seems to be a useful completion. | MATERIALS AND METHODS Experiment | ExperimentThe general experimental set-up, including the infusion protocol (experimental groups), sampling and temperature measurement, is depicted in Figure 1. | 243 TESCH T alThis study was conducted using a total of 44 male castrated pigs (German Landrace, Mariensee, Germany) with an initial mean body weight (BW) of 25.8 ± 3.7 kg. Animals were divided in two feeding groups (CON diet and DON diet) and were fed restrictively twice a day over a 4-week period with equal quantities (2 × 700 g/pig and day; (Oldenburg, Bramm, & Valenta, 2007)).On day 27, pigs were surgically equipped with arterial (Arteria carotis communis) and venous catheters for infusions (Vena jugularis externa, V. splenica) and sampling from post-hepatic area (V. jugularis interna) as well as from portal drained viscera (V. portae hepatis; Figure 1). In addition, a temperature logger for frequent body core measurement was incorporated to the abdominal cavity and sutured on the right site of the intraabdominal wall. Surgery took place under sterile conditions and general anaesthesia as described in detail previously . After a post-ope...

show abstract

“…The observed maximum drift error within a time interval of one minute can be in the order of magnitude of 0.4 to 0.65°C (Siewert and Dänicke et al 2014). This cited characterisation of thermal infrared cameras was carried out with two IR cameras, using an uncooled microbolometer array as detector.…”

Section: Biological Heat Equationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of heart rate and respiratory rate on thermal infrared-imaging of the horse’s head

Siewert¹,

Hellige²,

Heuchert³

et al. 2014

PHK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of heart rate, respiratory rate -which are used among other parameters for evaluating pain -and body core temperature on infrared-imaging of the horse's head. The results should be a base for future studies for dectecting signs of pain in lateral IR-images of the head. Furthermore, an evaluation method was proposed which does not strongly depend on the effects of the named circulatory parameters on infrared (IR)-imaging. For this, lamefree horses without any clinical signs (n = 9) were exercised in a controlled manner on a treadmill. Prior to exercising (measuring time point: MTP1) and after a 10 min walk (MTP2), 5 min slow trot (MTP3) and 5 min fast trot (MTP4) thermographic images of the lateral views of the horse's head were taken and the named physiological parameters recorded as well. The taken IR-images were evaluated, taking into account the anatomical structures of the horse's head so as to define the Regions of Interest (ROIs). Assessment of the change in surface temperature was carried out by calculating unilateral temperature differences (Dϑ) between the maximum temperature (ϑ max ) in the region of the medial angle of the eye (ROI1) or the region of the eye (ROI2) and the average temperatures (ϑ m ) of the remaining ROIs (ROI1, ROI3-6). The ROIs were defined above blood vessels. It was apparent in the course of exercise after MTP3 that some calculated temperature differences were significantly reduced (DϑROI6 and DϑROI5.3). ROI6, the region arteria angularis occuli, showed an instable course (DϑROI6) with a large relative percent range of variation of 36 %. This measuring area is located after the arteria dorsalis nasi has left the end artery of the arteria facialis. In contrast to this ROI4 positioned at the ventral edge of the horse's head rostrally from the muscle masseter (DϑROI4) showed the most stable course, a small relative percent range of variation with 8 % and insignificant (0.8 ≥ p ≥ 0.2) Wilcoxon signed rank (multiple comparison test) over the whole time span among all defined temperature differences during the entire examination period. Further studies for dectecting signs of pain in IR-images of the head seem to be reasonable. (ROIs) zu definieren. Die Beurteilung der Veränderung der Oberflächentemperaturverteilung erfolgte über die Berechnung von unilateralen Temperaturdifferenzen (Dϑ) zwischen der maximalen Temperatur (ϑ max ) im Bereich des medialen Augenwinkels (ROI1) bzw. der Augenregion (ROI2) und den Durchschnittstemperaturen (ϑ m ) der ROIs (ROI1, ROI3-6), die über definierte vaskuläre Bahnen positioniert wurden. Es zeigte sich, dass im Verlauf der Belastung nach MZP3 einige der berechneten Temperaturdifferenzen signifikant kleiner wurden (DϑROI6 und DϑROI5.3). ROI6, die Region arteria angularis occuli, zeigte einen instabilen Verlauf (DϑROI6) mit einer großen relativen Schwankungsbreite von 36 %. Dieser Messbereich befindet sich nach der Abzweigung der arteria dorsalis nasi aus der Endarterie arteria facialis. Di...

show abstract

Difference method for analysing infrared images in pigs with elevated body temperatures

Cited by 31 publications

References 10 publications

Non-Contact Evaluation of Pigs’ Body Temperature Incorporating Environmental Factors

Non-Contact Evaluation of Pigs’ Body Temperature Incorporating Environmental Factors

Relationships between body temperatures and inflammation indicators under physiological and pathophysiological conditions in pigs exposed to systemic lipopolysaccharide and dietary deoxynivalenol

Effect of heart rate and respiratory rate on thermal infrared-imaging of the horse’s head

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About