Differences and associations of metabolic and vitamin D status among patients with and without sub-clinical hypothyroid dysfunction

Aljohani, Naji; Al-Daghri, Nasser M.; Al‐Attas, Omar S.; Alokail, Majed S.; Alkhrafy, Khalid M; Al‐Othman, Abdulaziz; Yakout, Sobhy M.; Alkabba, Abdulaziz F; Alghamdi, Ahmed; Almalki, Mussa; Buhary, Badurudeen Mahmood; Sabico, Shaun

doi:10.1186/1472-6823-13-31

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[6][7][8][9]13] Despite the fact that thyroid disorders are frequently encountered in Saudi Arabia, these conditions are understudied and there is a lack of information on their prevalence, types, and etiological factors contributing to their development. [26,27] The findings of the present study agree with the previous findings and show that the overall prevalence of thyroid disorders was 19.6%, suggesting that thyroid dysfunction is a common endocrine disorder in non-pregnant Saudi females, at least in the Western province of the kingdom. The majority of cases had subclinical hypothyroidism (11.6%) followed by primary hypothyroidism (6.3%), and hyperthyroidism (1.7%) was the least frequent type.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence and characteristics of anemia associated with thyroid disorders in non-pregnant Saudi women during the childbearing age: A cross-sectional study

Refaat¹

2015

Biomed J

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Background:Little is known about the prevalence of thyroid disorders and their associated anemia in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The aim of the current study was to measure the prevalence and types of thyroid disorders and their relationship with anemia frequency and types in non-pregnant Saudi females during the childbearing age. Methods:Blood samples were collected from 600 non-pregnant females (between ≥18 and ≤45 years) with no history of thyroid dysfunction, chronic diseases, and/or anemia to measure serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4, erythrocyte indices, and iron parameters. Results:Thyroid disorders were detected in 118 participants (19.6%), and occult hypothyroidism was the most prevalent type (70/118) followed by overt hypothyroidism (38/118) and hyperthyroidism (10/118). Anemia was detected in 52 females with abnormal thyroid (44%) and the prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to euthyroid (14.3%). The red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin, hematocrit value, serum iron, and serum ferritin were significantly lower in thyroid disorder compared to euthyroid group (p < 0.05). Erythrocyte indices correlated significantly with serum free T4, while iron parameters correlated with serum TSH (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are common in non-pregnant females in the Western province of Saudi Arabia, and they are associated with an increase in the prevalence of both anemia and iron deficiency. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying mechanism (s) contributing to the development of thyroiditis-induced anemia in the kingdom and the role of thyroid hormones in iron metabolism. (Biomed J 2015;38:307-316)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Prevalence and characteristics of anemia associated with thyroid disorders in non-pregnant Saudi women during the childbearing age: A cross-sectional study

Refaat¹

2015

Biomed J

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“…When compared serum 25-OH D levels according to genders, they were insignificantly lower than those of male in subclinical hypothyroid patients. In contrast to our study, Aljohani et al (2013) have demonstrated that patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had higher serum 25-OH D levels than controls and higher vitamin D levels were associated with lower fT3 in the patients. Another study was previously reported that high vitamin D status in younger individuals is associated with low circulating TSH (Chailurkit, 2013).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Evaluation of serum vitamin D levels in elderly patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Uçar¹,

Akyol²,

Öztürk³

et al. 2014

jecm

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Article HistoryReceived 12 / 05 / 2014 Accepted 07 / 06 / 2014Increasing numbers of researches have indicated the relationship between serum vitamin D level and several autoimmune diseases, because it has important roles in immune regulation. However, the role of vitamin D in the etiopathogenesis of these diseases is not well understood. Similarly, the detailed mechanism of vitamin D action on thyroid hormone metabolism and autoimmune thyroid diseases is still poorly understood. It was recently reported that patients with autoimmune thyroid disease showed lower vitamin D levels. However, there are few studies dealing with vitamin D status in elderly patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. We therefore aimed to investigate vitamin D levels in elderly patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. In the present study, a total of 37 patients (>70 years old) with subclinical hypothyroidism and 40 healthy controls (>70 years old) were retrospectively analyzed. Serum levels of free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were analyzed by chemiluminescence immunoassay (Centaur XP, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Tarrytown, USA). Serum levels of 25-Hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH D) were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay (DiaSorin, Liaison, Italy). Serum anti thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti thyroglobulin (anti-TG) were measured using a solid-phase, enzyme-labeled, chemiluminenescent sequential immunometric assay (Immulite 2000 XPi, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Tarrytown, USA). There was no significant difference between groups in terms of age and gender distribution. Serum TSH, anti-TPO and anti-TG levels in elderly patients with subclinical hypothyroidism showed higher values than healthy controls as expected. Serum 25-OH D levels in elderly patients with subclinical hypothyroidism were lower than healthy controls (p<0.001). These data may suggest association between serum 25-OH D levels and subclinical hypothyroidism in elderly patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether vitamin D insufficiency is a casual factor in the etiopathogenesis of subclinical hypothyroidism in elderly patients or rather a consequence of the disease.

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“…Results showed significant difference in glucose-lipid metabolism and inflammation state. In another study, patients with SH had a significantly higher BMI than the controls (p < 0.001) [30]. Previous studies showed that TSH levels were significantly higher in obese patients and were positively correlated with BMI and waistline [10,31,32].…”

Section: High-tc (%) High-tg (%) Low-hdl (%) High-ldl (%) Hyperuricemmentioning

confidence: 84%

Metabolic Characteristics in Obese Patients Complicated by Mild Thyroid Hormone Deficiency

Wang

Liu²,

Chen

et al. 2016

Horm Metab Res

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The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) is increasing, especially in obese people. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference in metabolic profiles between obese patients with mild increased thyrotropin (TSH) or with normal TSH. A total of 219 obese patients were recruited in this cross-sectional study. They were divided into 2 groups: obese patients with normal TSH (0.35-2.5 mU/l) and age-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched obese patients with higher-normal TSH (2.5-5.5 mU/l). We have named it compensatory hypothyroidism or mild thyroid hormone deficiency. Anthropometric data, glucose-lipid metabolism, markers of inflammation, body composition, and thyroid function parameters were measured. Results showed that: 1) The levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were significantly lower in obese patients complicated by mild increased TSH than in obese patients with normal TSH (p<0.05). The fasting insulin (FINS) and C reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly higher in obese patients complicated by mild increased TSH when compared to the obese patients with normal TSH (p<0.01). Jostel's TSH index (TSHI) and standard TSH index (sTSHI) were significantly higher in obesity with mild increased TSH when compared to obesity with normal TSH (both p<0.001). Thyroid's secretory capacity (GT) was significantly lower in obesity with mild increased TSH when compared to obesity with normal TSH (p<0.001). 2) In the obese patients complicated by mild increased TSH group, serum TSH was significantly positively correlated with ALT, AST and CP (p<0.05). In the obese patients with normal TSH group, serum TSH was significantly positively correlated with UA (p<0.05). In all subjects, serum TSH was significantly positively correlated with ALT, AST, FINS, CP, CRP, and UA (p<0.05), but negatively with DBP, FPG, and HDL-C (p<0.05). 3) There was significant difference of the prevalence of hyperinsulinemia and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) between the 2 groups (p<0.05). In Conclusion, obesity complicated by mild increased TSH manifested higher fasting insulin levels, more severe chronic low-grade inflammation, and lower HDL-C levels than obesity with normal TSH.

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Differences and associations of metabolic and vitamin D status among patients with and without sub-clinical hypothyroid dysfunction

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence and characteristics of anemia associated with thyroid disorders in non-pregnant Saudi women during the childbearing age: A cross-sectional study

Prevalence and characteristics of anemia associated with thyroid disorders in non-pregnant Saudi women during the childbearing age: A cross-sectional study

Evaluation of serum vitamin D levels in elderly patients with subclinical hypothyroidism

Metabolic Characteristics in Obese Patients Complicated by Mild Thyroid Hormone Deficiency

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