Differences and disparities over time: Black and White families investigated by Ontario’s child welfare system

Antwi-Boasiako, Kofi; King, Bryn; Fallon, Barbara; Trocmé, Nico; Fluke, John D.; Chabot, Martin; Esposito, Thomas J.

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104618

Cited by 42 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…We found that Black and Hispanic patients with suspected abuse reported were significantly more likely to have their abuse investigated as well as for these investigations to be substantiated and result in a change of caregiver at discharge. Our findings are in line with multiple studies on both the US as well as Canadian child welfare systems, that found systemic racial and ethnic disparities in the investigation, management, and final dispositions of child abuse victims 31–33. Antwi-Boasiako et al31 revealed that compared with White families, Black families in Ontario, Canada were generally more likely to be investigated for child maltreatment, to have child maltreatment investigations substantiated, to be transferred to ongoing services, to have a child placed in out-of-home care during the investigation, and to be referred to other services.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Nationwide Management of Trauma in Child Abuse

et al. 2022

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Objective: Child abuse is a major cause of childhood injury, morbidity, and death. There is a paucity of data on the practice of abuse interventions among this vulnerable population. The aim of our study was to identify the factors associated with interventions for child abuse on a national scale. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 2017 to 2018 American College of Surgeons (ACS) Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP). All children presenting with suspected/confirmed child abuse and an abuse report filed were included. Patients with missing information regarding abuse interventions were excluded. Outcomes were abuse investigations initiated among those with abuse reports, and change of caregiver at discharge among survivors with an investigation initiated. Multivariable regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 7774 child abuse victims with an abuse report were identified. The mean age was 5±5 years, 4221 (54%) patients were White, 2297 (30%) Black, 1543 (20%) Hispanic, and 5298 (68%) had government insurance. The most common mechanism was blunt (63%), followed by burns (10%) and penetrating (10%). The median Injury Severity Score was 5 (1–12). The most common form of abuse was physical (92%), followed by neglect (6%), sexual (3%), and psychological (0.1%). The most common perpetrator of abuse was a care provider/teacher (49.5%), followed by a member of the immediate family (30.5%), or a member of the extended/step/foster family (20.0%). Overall, 6377 (82%) abuse investigations were initiated for those with abuse reports. Of these, 1967 (33%) resulted in a change of caregiver. Black children were more likely to have abuse investigated, and Black and Hispanic children were more likely to experience change of caregiver after investigations, while privately insured children were less likely to experience both. Conclusions: Significant racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities exist in the nationwide management of child abuse. Further studies are strongly warranted to understand contributing factors and possible strategies to address them. Level of Evidence: Level III—therapeutic/care management.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Nationwide Management of Trauma in Child Abuse

et al. 2022

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“…The overrepresentation of children from Newcomer households may indicate discrimination, racism and systematic biases in child welfare services and policies (Antwi-Boasiako et al, 2020;Derezotes et al, 2005;Drake et al, 2011;Roberts, 2002). Nationally, Arab families are underrepresented in the child welfare population (Lavergne et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining Child Maltreatment-Related Investigations of Children from Newcomer and non-Newcomer Households in Ontario, Canada

Houston

Ganness

Black

et al. 2021

IJCAR

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Objectives: The study aims to further the understanding of child welfare involvement with Newcomer families in Ontario, Canada in 2018. This study examines a) the rate and characteristics of child maltreatment-related investigations involving Newcomer families and b) differences in child maltreatment-related investigations between Newcomer and non-Newcomer families. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect-2018 (OIS-2018). Using Statistics Canada Census Data, the Population-based Disparity Index (PDI) was calculated for Newcomer and non-Newcomer families. Descriptive and bivariate chi-square analyses were conducted to determine characteristics of investigations involving Newcomer and non-Newcomer households. Results: The PDI of the incidence of maltreatment-related investigations involving children under the age of 15 from Newcomer households versus non-Newcomer households in Ontario in 2018 is 2.48. Implications: The findings suggest that a child maltreatment-related investigation is more than twice as likely to occur if the investigation involves a child from a Newcomer household, when compared a non-Newcomer household in Ontario. This study demonstrates a need for further collaboration with Newcomer communities and their social service providers to better understand risk factors of child welfare involvement, and to increase protective factors for children from Newcomer families.

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“…Participants were also asked to briefly describe past/current involvement with child welfare. Finally, on this form socio-economic status was assessed using proxy indicators of poverty (SES; Antwi-Boasiako et al, 2016). Specifically, participants were asked to answer questions on a 5-point Likert scale related to food security (e.g., "during the past six months, how often have you worried about being able to pay for food?…”

Section: Maternal Demographic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive functions and parenting stress in mothers with problematic substance use

Ingram¹

2021

Preprint

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A growing body of research has shown that executive functions play an important role in effective and sensitive parenting. No studies have examined this relation in mothers with problematic substance use, who may be at particular risk given biological, psychological, and contextual risks that may undermine executive functions and increase parenting stress. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between three executive functions and parenting stress. Sixty-five mothers attending substance use treatment completed tasks assessing updating, inhibition, and shifting executive functions and questionnaires assessing parenting stress, reflecting both relational and household chaos definitions of the construct. Controlling for SES and age of youngest child, lower performance on both inhibition and updating tasks was associated with increased parenting stress, when a relational definition was employed. However, no significant relations were found between executive functions and household chaos definitions of parenting stress, after depression and SES were controlled for. These preliminary results suggest a role for executive functions in parenting stress in mothers with problematic substance use, but highlight the importance of considering the type of executive function assessed and the definition of parenting stress employed. Directions for future research and clinical implications are discussed.

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Differences and disparities over time: Black and White families investigated by Ontario’s child welfare system

Cited by 42 publications

References 42 publications

Nationwide Management of Trauma in Child Abuse

Nationwide Management of Trauma in Child Abuse

Examining Child Maltreatment-Related Investigations of Children from Newcomer and non-Newcomer Households in Ontario, Canada

Executive functions and parenting stress in mothers with problematic substance use

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