Differences between Bligh and Dyer and Soxhlet extractions of PCBs and lipids from fat and lean fish muscle: Implications for data evaluation

Ewald, Göran; Bremle, Gudrun; Karlsson, Anders

doi:10.1016/s0025-326x(97)00176-8

Cited by 56 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The method has been applied to fish muscle and may easily be adapted to use with other tissues. In this study, the Bligh and Dyer extraction method was found to be more efficient in extracting polar and non-polar lipids as reported in other researches (Gunnlaugsdottir and Ackman 1993;Honeycutt et al 1995;Ewald et al 1998). …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

The effects of extraction methods on the contents of fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA in marine lipids

Özoğul

Şimşek

Balikçi

et al. 2011

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of trans-methylation methods in fish oil obtained using Soxhlet extraction method and Bligh and Dyer method and also to observe the effects of extraction methods on the contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] in five marine species: sardine (Sardinella aurita), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus), sea bream (Sparus aurata), brushtooth lizardfish (Saurida undosquamis) and chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus). The results showed that Bligh and Dyer extraction method was more efficient in extracting polar and non-polar lipids than Soxhlet method and also prevented losses of PUFAs by a reduction in the oxidation. The level of EPA showed fluctuations for the two extraction methods. However, Soxhlet method showed significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the level of DHA for all fish species. The use of n-heptane proves to be superior for the recovery of unsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

The effects of extraction methods on the contents of fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA in marine lipids

Özoğul

Şimşek

Balikçi

et al. 2011

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We cannot, therefore, exclude the possibility that we may have underestimated the freely dissolved concentrations and thereby overestimated the BAFs. Also, different methods of lipid extraction can vary in efficiency for different lipid classes (Ewald et al 1998), which may affect lipid-normalised BAFs. Lipid composition in itself may also affect the relationship between BAF and K ow .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation and differential partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater, planktonic food webs

Berglund¹,

Larsson²,

Ewald³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:The planktonic food chain phytoplankton -zooplankton -young-of-the-year roach (Rutilus rutilus) was studied in 19 lakes in southern Sweden to investigate the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The SPCB concentrations did not steadily increase with increasing trophic level. The SPCB concentrations in zooplankton (400 ng·g lipid -1 ) were lower than in both phytoplankton (660 ng·g lipid -1 ) and fish (890 ng·g lipid -1 ), which did not differ significantly. Lipid content explained 40% of the total variation in dry weight normalised SPCB concentrations in the samples. The PCBs were differentially partitioned between the trophic levels. The logBMFs (biomagnification factors, concentration in predator/concentration in prey) were a function of the logK ow of the PCB congeners. The logBMF zoo/phyto values were < 0 for all PCB congeners on a lipid weight basis, and the logBMF fish/zoo values were < 0 for PCB congeners with logK ow > 6. We conclude that no PCBs had higher lipid-normalised concentrations in zooplankton than in phytoplankton and the most lipophilic PCBs had moderately higher concentrations in roach than in zooplankton. PCBs with logK ow > 6 decreased in concentration from phytoplankton to zooplankton to roach. We suggest that the concept of biomagnification did not apply to the planktonic food chain investigated in these lakes.Résumé : Nous avons étudié la chaîne alimentaire planctonique phytoplancton -zooplancton -jeune gardon (Rutilus rutilus) dans 19 lacs du sud de la Suède afin d'analyser la bioaccumulation des polychlorobiphényles (PCB). Les concentrations de SPCB n'ont pas augmenté de façon constante avec l'augmentation du niveau trophique. Les concentrations de SPCB dans le zooplancton (400 ng·g lipides -1 ) étaient plus faibles que dans le phytoplancton (660 ng·g lipides -1 ) et chez les poissons (890 ng·g lipides -1 ), concentrations qui ne différaient pas de façon significative. La teneur en lipides expliquait 40% de la variation totale des concentrations normalisées de SPCB en poids sec dans les échantillons. Les PCB étaient répartis de façon différentielle entre les niveaux trophiques. Le log FBA (facteurs de bioamplification, concentration chez le prédateur/concentration chez les proies) était une fonction du log K ow des congé-nères de PCB. Le log FBA zoo/phyto était < 0 pour tous les congénères de PCB en fonction du poids en lipides, et le log FBA poisson/zoo était < 0 pour les congénères de PCB dont le log K ow > 6. Nous concluons qu'aucun PCB n'avait une concentration normalisée dans les lipides plus élevée chez le zooplancton que chez le phytoplancton, et que les concentrations de PCB les plus lipophiles étaient modérément plus élevées chez le gardon que chez le zooplancton. On observait une diminution de la concentration de PCB dont le log K ow > 6 en passant du phytoplancton au zooplancton puis au gardon. La notion de bioamplification ne semblait donc pas s'appliquer aux organismes de la chaîne alimentaire planctonique étudiés dans ces lacs.[Traduit par la Réd...

show abstract

“…Thus, the aims of our work were (a) to compare different extraction methods for the analysis of FAs in legumes and (b) to apply the best extraction methodology for the evaluation of FA composition in 29 different pulse samples. Folch, Bligh and Dyer, and their modified procedures are the most appropriate methods for lipid extraction from most of the matrices (Bligh & Dyer, 1959;Dunstan, Volkman, & Barrett, 1993;Erickson, 1993;Ewald, Bremle, & Karlsson, 1998;Folch, Lees, & Stanley, 1957). However, the toxicity of chloroform (CHCl 3 ) and methanol (MeOH) has led researchers to evaluate possible substitutes, such as hexane and i-PrOH (Gunnlaugsdottir & Ackman, 1993;Hara & Radin, 1979;Molina Grima et al, 1994;Smedes, 1999;Undeland, Harrod, & Lingnert, 1998), especially when the extracts are intended for use as dietary supplements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid nutritional value of legumes: Evaluation of different extraction methods and determination of fatty acid composition

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Differences between Bligh and Dyer and Soxhlet extractions of PCBs and lipids from fat and lean fish muscle: Implications for data evaluation

Cited by 56 publications

References 40 publications

The effects of extraction methods on the contents of fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA in marine lipids

The effects of extraction methods on the contents of fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA in marine lipids

Bioaccumulation and differential partitioning of polychlorinated biphenyls in freshwater, planktonic food webs

Lipid nutritional value of legumes: Evaluation of different extraction methods and determination of fatty acid composition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About