Differences Between Body Composition and Physiological Characteristics of Active/Inactive Elderly Women

Abstract

RUIZ-MONTERO, P. J. & CASTILLO-RODRÍGUEZ, A.Differences between body composition and physiological characteristics of active/inactive elderly women. Int. J. Morphol., 36(1):262-266, 2018. SUMMARY:Aging affects living organisms and produces a continuous degenerative change in most physiological functions, specifically in body composition. The aim of the present study is to compare the differences of body composition and physiologic characteristics according to physical activity levels and population of different geographical locations between active elderly participants (AP) of a Pilates-Aerobic interventional program and inactive elderly participants (IP). A total of 341 elderly women over 60 years (IP=69.92 ± 7.07; AP=68.85 ± 5.38) participated in this study, all of them from the Málaga province (Spain). The physical activity influenced to resting heart rate of participants (IP=78.2 bpm, AP=75.6; p<.05). Waist circumference and fat mass in IP that live in towns of <2.000 of population was the lowest (p<.05). In addition, in AP, weight, waist circumference and fat mass was the lowest too in towns of <2.000 of population (p<.05). The interaction of physical activity and population factors influenced resting HR, Diastolic Blood Pressure and fat mass (p<.01; p<0.5 and p<.05, respectively). In conclusion, elderly people have different physiological and body composition characteristics by a level of physical activity and the population in which they live. Active female participants who live in small areas and a number of inhabitants is limited, show the best physiological state to cope with aging.

Programas de intervención física en mujeres mayores a través del método Pilates: Una revisión sistemática (Physical intervention programs in older women trough the Pilates method: A systematic review)

“…De los 41 artículos, encontramos nueve que emplean el método Pilates para la mejora de la fuerza muscular (Bergamin et al, 2015;Bertoli et al, 2018;Choi et al, 2019;de Carvalho, Mesquita, Pereira, Neto & Amaro Zangaro, 2017;de Oliveira, de Oliveira & Pires-Oliveira, 2018de Oliveira, Pires-Oliveira, Abucarub, de Oliveira & de Oliveira, 2017;Pinheiro et al, 2014); trece para mejorar el equilibrio y disminuir el riesgo de caídas (Aibar-Almazan et al, 2019;Barker et al, 2016;Bird & Fell, 2014;Cruz-Diaz et al, 2015;Gabizon, Press, Volkov, & Melzer, 2016;Irez, 2014;Josephs, Pratt, Calk Meadows, Thurmond, & Wagner, 2016;Markovic, Sarabon, Greblo & Krizanic, 2015;Mesquita, de Carvalho, Freire, Neto & Zangaro, 2015;Pata, Lord, & Lamb, 2014;Roller et al, 2018;Scherf, Guadagnin, Tier, & De Almeida Dias, 2019;Sofianidis, Dimitriou & Hatzitaki, 2017); dos para comprobar el impacto del método sobre la capacidad funcional de las mujeres (Bertoli, Biduski & Freitas, 2017;Vieira et al, 2017); tres artículos en los que se analizaron los efectos del Pilates sobre la composición corporal (Ruiz-Montero & Castillo-Rodriguez, 2018;Ruiz-Montero, Castillo-Rodríguez, Mikalacki, Nebojsa & Korovljev, 2014;Vasconcelos, Cardozo, Lucchetti & Lucchetti, 2016); ocho para determinar mejoras en el dolor corporal y la calidad de vida (Aibar-Almazan et al, 2019;Curi, Haas, Alves-Vilaca & Fernandes, 2018;de Oliveira, de Oliveira & Pires-Oliveira, 2015;Liposcki et al, 2019;…”

“…En cuanto al diseño, diez fueron estudios pre-post con un grupo de intervención (Bergamin et al, 2015;Bertoli et al, 2017Bertoli et al, , 2018Bird & Fell, 2014;Choi et al, 2019;Geremia, Iskiewicz, Marschner, Lehnen & Lehnen, 2015;Pata et al, 2014;Pérez et al, 2014;Pinheiro et al, 2014;Ruiz-Montero et al, 2014;Scherf et al, 2019) y seis pre-post con un grupo control y uno experimental de Carvalho et al, 2017;Irez, 2014;Ruiz-Montero & Castillo-Rodriguez, 2018;Sofianidis et al, 2017;Vasconcelos et al, 2016); cuatro ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (de Oliveira, Liposcki et al, 2019;Vieira et al, 2017); quince ensayos controlados aleatorizados (Aibar-Almazán et al, 2019;Aibar-Almazan et al, 2019;Barker et al, 2016;Cruz-Diaz et al, 2015;de Oliveira, de Oliveira & Pires-Oliveira, 2016;de Oliveira et al, 2018;Gabizon et al, 2016;Josephs et al, 2016;Markovic et al, 2015;Mesquita et al, 2015;Roller et al, 2018); dos estudios transversales (Ruiz-Montero et al, 2015) y un estudio piloto (Jurakic et al, 2017) (tabla 1).…”

“…Las características fisiológicas y de composición corporal de las personas mayores, son muy diferentes según el nivel de actividad física que posean y la población en la que vivan, siendo evidentes las mejoras en las mujeres de poblaciones más pequeñas (Ruiz-Montero & Castillo-Rodriguez, 2018). Algunos estudios llevan a cabo un programa combinado de ejercicios, como es el realizado por Ruiz-Montero et al, (2014), con el Pilates-Aerobic, cuyos resultados muestran una disminución de la masa grasa y un aumento de la masa muscular.…”

Effects of 8-Weeks Concurrent Strength and Aerobic Training on Body Composition, Physiological and Cognitive Performance in Older Adult Women

“…Better body composition is normally associated with regular PE, thereby previous research observed differences in body composition between PE trained older women and non-trained older women [5,[19][20][21]. There even exist differences between active and inactive older women in body composition [22,23]. The PE trained older women's body composition improvements are produced in mid-thigh cross-sectional area [24], weight loss [23] fat mass and BMI [19], statistical significant and non-significant body weight, skeletal muscle mass and fat mass [5,[21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…There even exist differences between active and inactive older women in body composition [22,23]. The PE trained older women's body composition improvements are produced in mid-thigh cross-sectional area [24], weight loss [23] fat mass and BMI [19], statistical significant and non-significant body weight, skeletal muscle mass and fat mass [5,[21][22][23][24][25]. Some of these studies are cross-sectional studies and others are RE interventions from 24 weeks to 24 months.…”