2005
DOI: 10.1024/2005.04.04
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Differences between co-users of cocaine and crack among Canadian illicit opioid users

Abstract: Unterschiede zwischen Ko-Gebrauchern von Kokain und Crack bei kanadischen Opioid-Konsumenten <B>Fragestellung:</B> Es wurden Unterschiede zwischen Ko-Gebrauchern von Kokain und Crack in einer kanadischen Kohorte illegaler Opioid-Konsumenten (»OPICAN«) untersucht. </P><P> <B>Methodik:</B> Kohortenteilnehmer wurden durch Schneeball-Methoden rekrutiert und mittels eines standardisierten Instrumenten-Protokolls befragt. Prävalenzraten verschiedener Substanzen sowie Unterschiede… Show more

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Cited by 12 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…Socio-demographically, the study sample was mainly characterized by unstable housing, income generation from social-assistance programmes or illegal activities and intensive criminal justice involvement, confirming the intensive socio-economic marginalization that has been reported for crack users elsewhere (Corneil et al, 2006;DeBeck et al, 2007;Fischer et al, 2005b). While crack use in itself is known to be associated with considerable health and social problems, some of the aboveidentified variables (e.g.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
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“…Socio-demographically, the study sample was mainly characterized by unstable housing, income generation from social-assistance programmes or illegal activities and intensive criminal justice involvement, confirming the intensive socio-economic marginalization that has been reported for crack users elsewhere (Corneil et al, 2006;DeBeck et al, 2007;Fischer et al, 2005b). While crack use in itself is known to be associated with considerable health and social problems, some of the aboveidentified variables (e.g.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…theft, burglary, robbery) as well as arrests and imprisonment even when compared to other illegal drug users (Bennett, Holloway, & Farrington, 2008;Cross, Johnson, Davis, & Liberty, 2001). The Canadian OPICAN study found that crack users reported significantly higher levels of crime and criminal justice involvement than non-crack users; specifically they reported more property crime, arrests and imprisonment than non-crack users (Fischer et al, 2005b;Manzoni, Brochu, Fischer, & Rehm, 2006). In the US, it has been shown that over time cities with higher rates or crack-use experiences substantially higher rates of property and other crime than comparison cities (Baumer, Lauritsen, Rosenfeld, & Wright, 1998).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 95%
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“…Evidence from North & South American jurisdictions indicates strongly elevated mortality rates among crack users (Dias, Ribeiro, Dunn, Sesso, & Laranjeira, 2008;O'Driscoll et al, 2001); a systematic review found that crack/cocaine users experience 4-8 times elevated mortality rates compared to the general population (Degenhardt et al, 2011). In addition, crack use and crack distribution/markets are associated with a high occurrence of crime, including elevated rates of property crime, as well as inter-personal crime and/or systemic violence (Baumer, Lauritsen, Rosenfeld, & Wright, 1998;Bennett, Holloway, & Farrington, 2008;Best, Sidwell, Gossop, Harris, & Strang, 2001;Boles & Miotto, 2003;Fischer, Monga, & Manzoni, 2005;Grogger & Willis, 2000).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…First, a latent class analysis suggested that OPICAN cohort participants could be divided into 3 distinctly different drug-user groups characterized primarily by heroin and cocaine injection use, other opioid and benzodiazpenine use, and noninjected other opioid and crack use (109). Second, a specific examination of those who also used crack, compared with those who did not also use crack, revealed that the former were significantly more likely to be characterized by key indicators of social and health risks or harms, including unstable housing, criminal activity, health problems, and injection risks (110). Finally, a more detailed examination of the current noninjectors in the cohort revealed that most had an injection history and were older, suggesting that they had matured out of drug use by injection (43).…”
Section: Drug Usementioning
confidence: 99%