Differences between fearful and self-conscious shy subtypes in background and current adjustment

Bruch, Monroe A.; Giordano, Steve; Pearl, Lesley

doi:10.1016/0092-6566(86)90116-9

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Buss (1986) proposed that these two subgroups may in fact exist and may be discriminable by their self-rated public selfconsciousness, that is, the extent to which they become aware of themselves as objects of others' scrutiny. Bruch, Giordano, and Pearl (1986) found that students scoring high on trait shyness and general fearfulness and low on public self-consciousness recalled an earlier onset of their shyness than did those scoring high on shyness and public self-consciousness and low on general fearfulness; they regarded this result as supporting Buss's view. However, the Bruch et al study rested on retrospective reports and lacked evidence that the two groups of shy students reacted differently in stranger versus social-evaluative situations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

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Shyness as a final common pathway for two different kinds of inhibition.

Asendorpf¹

1989

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

102

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This study suggests that the presence of mangers and the anticipation of social evaluation induce state shyness independently of each other and do not interact with trait shyness. This independence was found for 3 different methods of assessing state shyness in real dyadic interaction. Behaviorally, shyness toward strangers, but not evaluative shyness, was indicated by a closed body posture; evaluative shyness, but not shyness toward strangers, was indicated by blushing. Ss' free verbal descriptions of their emotions and cognitions obtained during the videnreconstruction of the shyness-inducing situations revealed that they were less aware of fear of strangers than of fear of social evaluation. These results and developmental considerations suggest that state shyness can be reconstructed as a final common pathway for at least 2 different kinds of inhibitory processes and that trait shyness among adults involves a particular susceptibility to both kinds of inhibition. This view of shyness is related to Gray's (1982) concept of inhibition and to the self-presentational approach to social anxiety by Schlenker and Leafy (1982).Since Zimbardo (1977) directed the attention of psychologists to the folk notion of shyness, a substantial body of research has been dedicated to reconstructing shyness as a psychological construct (cf. R. Crozier, in press; Jones, Cheek, & Briggs, 1986). Although no widely shared conceptualization of shyness has yet been reached, this research has allowed for at least four specifications of the lay concept of shyness.First, the transient affective state of state shyness should be clearly distinguished from trait shyness, that is, interindividual differences in state shyness that are rather stable over time and across a wide variety of social situations. Second, state shyness, similar to all affective states, should be perceived as a syndrome encompassing experiential and overt behavioral processes that are often, but not always, consistent with each other (cf. Asendorpf, in press-a;Izard, 1977; Leafy, 1986). Third, state shyness occurs only in social situations and always involves an elevated level of anxiety that refers to certain aspects of current or future interactions. Because state shyness also involves positive affect such as interest (Izard & Hyson, 1986; Mosher & White, 1981),The study reported in this article was conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Psychological Research within a project on the development of shyness.I thank Sabine HiUigloh, Ludwig Hirscheider, Michael Rottner, and Sabine Steiner for their assistance in the study and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this article.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jens B. Asendorpf, Max-Planck-Institut t-fir Psychologische Forschung, Leopoldstrasse 24, Postfach 440109, D-8000 Miinchen 40, Federal Republic of Germany. the emotional experience accompanying state shyness can be described as mixed feelings, or emotional ambivalence. Fourth, trait shyness is also ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…The Bruch et al (1986) data do not contradict this hypothesis because different developmental routes can lead to the same developmental outcome. This hypothesis is consistent with the model of interindividual differences in inhibition proposed by Gray (1982Gray ( , 1987see also Fowles, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Shyness as a final common pathway for two different kinds of inhibition.

Asendorpf¹

1989

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

102

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“…Some reports have failed to show a relationship between measures of shyness and independent ratings of attractiveness (Jones, Briggs, & Smith, 1986), while other reports have shown that socially anxious individuals do rate themselves as generally low on attractiveness (Montgomery, Haemmerlie, & Edwards, 1991) or report less satisfaction with their attractiveness (Bruch, Giordano, & Pearl, 1986). However, to date, no study has compared self-and observer ratings of attractiveness on a single scale within the one sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mental representation of observable attributes in people with social phobia

Rapee

Abbott

2006

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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“…Bruch, Giordano, and Pearl (1986) reported that the two subtypes differed on self-report measures of behavioral inhibition, social skills, and somatic anxiety. Fearfully shy adults experienced greater difficulties in these areas.…”

Section: Shyness Subtypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shyness: Subtypes, Psychosocial Correlates, and Treatment Interventions

Jones¹,

Schulkin²

2014

PSYCH

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Decades of research on the study of introversion and extraversion have allowed researchers to distinguish among individual differences on each of these dimensions. Research indicates that shyness, a rather common personality trait, is a construct that is related, but not identical, to introversion. Once regarded as a unitary construct, modern day personality theorists propose that shyness is based on a number of orthogonal dimensions. Empirical evidence suggests that distinct subtypes of shyness develop as a result of differences in social approach and social avoidance behaviors. Temperamental shyness is a risk factor for behavioral and affective problems, as well as more severe psychological problems. This article focuses on the phenomenon of shyness by reviewing its subtypes, psychosocial correlates, and efficacious treatment interventions.

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Differences between fearful and self-conscious shy subtypes in background and current adjustment

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

Shyness as a final common pathway for two different kinds of inhibition.

Shyness as a final common pathway for two different kinds of inhibition.

Mental representation of observable attributes in people with social phobia

Shyness: Subtypes, Psychosocial Correlates, and Treatment Interventions

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