Differences between girls and boys in emerging language skills: Evidence from 10 language communities

Eriksson, Mats E.; Marschik, Peter B.; Tulviste, Tiia; Almgren, Margareta; Pereira, Miguel Pérez; Wehberg, Sonja; Marjanovič‐Umek, Ljubica; Gayraud, Frédérique; Kovačević, Melita; Gallego, Carlos

doi:10.1111/j.2044-835x.2011.02042.x

Cited by 336 publications

(337 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Linguistic skills are generally more advanced among girls than among boys (37,38). An investigation of over 13,000 children in 10 European linguistic communities suggests that these advantages are robust across different languages (38), although the level of overall linguistic attainment differed. Research on gender and mathematical competence suggests that there are widespread similarities between boys and girls (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-linguistic patterns in the acquisition of quantifiers

Katsos

Cummins

Segurola

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

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Learners of most languages are faced with the task of acquiring words to talk about number and quantity. Much is known about the order of acquisition of number words as well as the cognitive and perceptual systems and cultural practices that shape it. Substantially less is known about the acquisition of quantifiers. Here, we consider the extent to which systems and practices that support number word acquisition can be applied to quantifier acquisition and conclude that the two domains are largely distinct in this respect. Consequently, we hypothesize that the acquisition of quantifiers is constrained by a set of factors related to each quantifier's specific meaning. We investigate competence with the expressions for "all," "none," "some," "some…not," and "most" in 31 languages, representing 11 language types, by testing 768 5-y-old children and 536 adults. We found a cross-linguistically similar order of acquisition of quantifiers, explicable in terms of four factors relating to their meaning and use. In addition, exploratory analyses reveal that languageand learner-specific factors, such as negative concord and gender, are significant predictors of variation.language acquisition | universals | quantifiers | semantics | pragmatics N umber words and quantifiers are abstract words that denote properties of sets rather than individuals. Twoness and allness in "two/all of the black cats in the street" are not true of any individual cat, whereas blackness and catness are. Children display knowledge of number words and quantifiers around their second birthday, comparatively long after they have acquired concrete nouns (1, 2). As far as number words are concerned, a range of cognitive and perceptual systems supports their acquisition.These systems include an object-tracking system, which enables the precise representation of small quantities, and an analog magnitude system, which enables imprecise and approximate comparisons (1), SignificanceAlthough much research has been devoted to the acquisition of number words, relatively little is known about the acquisition of other expressions of quantity. We propose that the order of acquisition of quantifiers is related to features inherent to the meaning of each term. Four specific dimensions of the meaning and use of quantifiers are found to capture robust similarities in the order of acquisition of quantifiers in similar ways across 31 languages, representing 11 language types.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-linguistic patterns in the acquisition of quantifiers

Katsos

Cummins

Segurola

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

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“…Other studies (12)(13) found in the literature also indicate a possible association between interpersonal communication and gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Despite the large variation in language skills between communities, the difference between girls and boys remained. This suggests that the difference is caused by intrinsic factors that do not change between communities (12) . Another study concluded that the ability to perceive and understand others' intentions and actions depends on gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of the self-assessment of communication skills and professionalism for nurses

Pereira

Puggina

2017

Rev. Bras. Enferm.

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RESUMO Objetivos: traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar para o português o instrumento Self-assessment of communication skills and professionalism in residents para o profi ssional enfermeiro e avaliar se características pessoais e de atuação do enfermeiro interferem na autoavaliação sobre o profi ssionalismo e comunicação interpessoal. Método: estudo metodológico quantitativo. Resultados: A amostra foi de 110 enfermeiros com média de idade de 32 anos (±7,3) e a maioria mulheres (n=80; 72,7%). A consistência interna da escala "Autoavaliação sobre profi ssionalismo e comunicação interpessoal entre enfermeiro e paciente" apresentou confi abilidade moderada e satisfatória (α=0,712). A análise fatorial identifi cou quatro fatores: Habilidade Interpessoal, Troca de Informação, Sinceridade na Relação e Profi ssionalismo. Conclusão: o instrumento é válido e confi ável na língua portuguesa e para a cultura brasileira. A habilidade interpessoal modifi cou-se com sexo e estado civil. A troca de informações foi infl uenciada pelo sexo e setor de atuação. A autoavaliação do profi ssionalismo modifi cou-se com estado civil. Descritores: Relação Paciente-Enfermeiro; Comunicação; Comunicação Não-Verbal; Autoavaliação; Estudos de Validação.ABSTRACT Objectives: to translate, adapt cross-culturally and validate into Brazilian Portuguese the following instrument: "Self-assessment of communication skills and professionalism in residents" for the nursing professional, and to determine if personal characteristics and performance of the nurse interfere in the self-assessment about professionalism and interpersonal communication. Method: quantitative study. Results: the sample consisted of 110 nurses with mean age of 32 years old (± 7.3), most of them were women (n = 80; 72.7%). The internal consistency of the scale "Autoavaliação sobre profi ssionalismo e comunicação interpessoal entre enfermeiro e paciente" presented moderate and satisfactory reliability (α=0,712). Factorial analysis identifi ed four factors: Interpersonal Skills, Exchange of Information, Honesty in the Relationship and Professionalism. Conclusion: the instrument is valid and reliable in Portuguese and for Brazilian culture. Interpersonal Skills changed with gender and marital status. Ability to exchange information was infl uenced by gender and working sector. Self-assessment of professionalism changed with marital status. Descriptors: Nurse-patient Relationship; Com munication; Nonverbal Communication; Self-assessment; Validity Studies. RESUMEN Objetivos: traducir, adaptar culturalmente y certifi car para la lengua portuguesa el instrumento de Autoevaluación de las Habilidades de Comunicación y Profesionalismo de residentes para el enfermero profesional y evaluar si las características personales y de actuación del enfermero interfi eren en la autoevaluación del profesionalismo y de la comunicación interpersonal. Método: trata-se de un estudio metodológico cuantitativo. Resultados: La muestra estaba formada por 110 enfermeros con edad promedio de 32 años (±7,3)...

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“…From the literature in studying suboptimal development, or development of children with genetic disorders, we know that parents appear to be able to give an accurate estimation of what is happening not only in relation to their child’s general development when asked at the time of ‘happening events’, 46–49 but also in relation to more specific aspects, such as speech-language development. 50,51 The DNBC study offered us the opportunity to develop a new approach for investigating RTT through collecting quasi prospective and concurrent data on early development.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early development in Rett syndrome – the benefits and difficulties of a birth cohort approach

Marschik

Lemcke

Einspieler

et al. 2017

Developmental Neurorehabilitation

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Purposes: Typically, early (pre-diagnostic) development in individuals later diagnosed with Rett syndrome (RTT) has been investigated retrospectively using parent reports, medical records and analysis of home videos. In recent years, prospective research designs have been increasingly applied to the investigation of early development in individuals with late phenotypical onset disorders, for example, autism spectrum disorder. Methods: In this study, data collected by the Danish National Birth Cohort lent itself to prospective exploration of the early development of RTT, in particular early motor-, speech-language, and socio-communicative behaviors, mood, and sleep. Results and Conclusions: Despite limitations, this quasi prospective methodology proved promising. In order to add substantially to the body of knowledge, however, specific questions relating to peculiarites in early development could usefully be added to future cohort studies. As this involves considerable work, it may be more realistic to consider a set of indicators which point to a number of developmental disorders rather than to one.

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Differences between girls and boys in emerging language skills: Evidence from 10 language communities

Cited by 336 publications

References 34 publications

Cross-linguistic patterns in the acquisition of quantifiers

Cross-linguistic patterns in the acquisition of quantifiers

Validation of the self-assessment of communication skills and professionalism for nurses

Early development in Rett syndrome – the benefits and difficulties of a birth cohort approach

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