Differences between primary somatosensory cortex- and vertex-derived somatosensory-evoked potentials in the rat

Stienen, Peter J.; Brom, W. E. van den; Groot, H.N.M. de; Haagen, A.J. Venker‐van; Hellebrekers, L.J.

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.10.014

Cited by 20 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Similarly, when the cortical surface is cooled, the N1 and P2 components are abolished while P1 remains intact (Kublik et al, 2001). N1 and P2 decrease in amplitude with stimulation frequency and show habituation for high stimulus amplitudes and multiple run repetitions while P1 is less sensitive to changes in stimulation amplitude and frequency (Mitzdorf, 1985;Stienen et al, 2004). This difference in the response between P1 and N1 or P2 allows us to determine that the hemodynamic response matches the N1 and P2 response more closely than the P1 response.…”

Section: N1 and P2 Sep Components Predict The Hemodynamic Response Bementioning

confidence: 96%

Coupling between somatosensory evoked potentials and hemodynamic response in the rat

Franceschini

Nissilä

et al. 2008

NeuroImage

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We studied the relationship between somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) recorded with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) and hemoglobin responses recorded non-invasively with diffuse optical imaging (DOI) during parametrically varied electrical forepaw stimulation in rats. Using these macroscopic techniques we verified that the hemodynamic response is not linearly coupled to the somatosensory evoked potentials, and that a power or threshold law best describes the coupling between SEP and the hemoglobin response, in agreement with the results of most invasive studies. We decompose the SEP response in three components (P1, N1, and P2) to determine which best predicts the hemoglobin response. We found that N1 and P2 predict the hemoglobin response significantly better than P1 and the input stimuli (S). Previous electrophysiology studies reported in the literature show that P1 originates in layer IV directly from thalamocortical afferents, while N1 and P2 originate in layers I and II and reflect the majority of local cortico-cortical interactions. Our results suggest that the evoked hemoglobin response is driven by the cortical synaptic activity and not by direct thalamic input. The N1 and P2 components, and not P1, need to be considered to correctly interpret neurovascular coupling.

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Section: N1 and P2 Sep Components Predict The Hemodynamic Response Bementioning

confidence: 96%

Coupling between somatosensory evoked potentials and hemodynamic response in the rat

Franceschini

Nissilä

et al. 2008

NeuroImage

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“…The RDF, an expression of the overall shape of the SEP waveform in the latency range studied, is obtained by averaging the absolute differences between all pairs of subsequent sampled data points y k in a specified latency range from x to m (see Eq. (1)) [13,29,40]. Both decreases in amplitude and increases in latency of the SEP components, decrease the value of the RDF, whereas both increases in amplitude and decreases in latency of the SEP components increase the value of the RDF.…”

Section: Data and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…After induction of anaesthesia with 0.3 mg/kg fentanyl (i.p., Fentanyl Janssen ® , Janssen-Cilag BV, Tilburg, The Netherlands) and 0.3 mg/kg medetomidine (i.p., Domitor ® , Pfizer Animal Health BV, Capelle a/d IJssel, The Netherlands), the animals were fixed in a stereotaxic apparatus (Model 963, Ultra Precise Small Animal Stereotaxic, David Kopf Instruments, Tujunga, CA, USA). Epidural electrodes (wired stainless steel screws, tip diameter 0.6 mm, impedance 300-350 , Fabory DIN 84A-A2, Fabory, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands) were implanted at the vertex (4.5 mm caudal to bregma, 1.0 mm right from midline), the primary somatosensory cortex (2.5 mm caudal to bregma, 2.5 mm right from midline), and bilateral in the frontal sinus (10.0 mm rostral to bregma, 1.0 mm left and right from midline, respectively) [40]. All electrodes were wired to an eight-pin receptacle (Mecap Preci-Dip 917-93-108-41-005, Preci-Dip Durtal SA, Delémont, Switzerland) and fixed to the skull with dental cement (Simplex Rapid, Associated Dental Products Ltd., Swindon, UK).…”

Section: Animals and Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In brief, after 30 min of acclimatization in the experimental room the animals were fitted in a tight fitting jacket and an electrical stimulation device (two brass electrodes of 3 mm in diameter tapered towards the end, fixed in a silicon tube, which enclosed the tail base [40]) was fixed at the left tail base and tightened by Velcro tape for maximal fixation. Subsequently, the animals were placed in the fear-conditioning box, and the receptacle at the animal's head was wired, via a swivel-connector, to the SEP recording device.…”

Section: Fear-conditioning (Training Session)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SEPs recorded in animals (1) are sensitive to analgesic intervention [4,18,25,35,40,41,42] and (2) a recent study in rats showed a correlation between the Vx-SEP and the unpleasantness of the noxious stimuli applied to evoke the SEP [42] [43]. This Pavlovian fear-conditioning model consists of two sessions executed on consecutive days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Somatosensory-evoked potentials indicate increased unpleasantness of noxious stimuli in response to increasing stimulus intensities in the rat

Oostrom

Stienen

Bos

et al. 2007

Brain Research Bulletin

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Recently, it has been shown in rats that specific characteristics of somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded from different sites on the scalp correlate differently to the amount of unpleasantness experienced by the animal following noxious stimulation. It was shown that the SEP recorded from vertex (Vx-SEP) did correlate with the unpleasantness, whereas the SEP recorded from the primary somatosensory cortex (SI-SEP) did not. In the present study, we further investigated the relationship between the Vx-SEP, SI-SEP and the unpleasantness of noxious stimuli. Therefore, different groups of rats were subjected to a SEP fear-conditioning paradigm in which the unconditioned stimulus (US), represented by noxious stimuli applied to evoke SEPs, was paired to a conditioned stimulus (CS) represented by a tone. Different stimulus intensities of the US were applied in the different groups. After CS-US presentation, CS-induced fear-conditioned behaviour was analysed in relation to the characteristics of the Vx-and SI-SEP during CS-US presentation. Results showed that increasing stimulus intensities led to increased SEP amplitudes, which were paralleled by an increased amount of CS-induced fear-conditioned behaviour. No differences between Vx-SEP and SI-SEP were found. The increase in the SEPs in parallel with the increased amount of fear-induced behaviour further supports the SEP to be a potentially valuable tool for studying acute pain and analgesia in animals.

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Mapping of sheep sensory cortex with a novel microelectrocorticography grid

Gierthmuehlen

Wang

Gkogkidis

et al. 2014

J of Comparative Neurology

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Microelectrocorticography (µECoG) provides insights into the cortical organization with high temporal and spatial resolution desirable for better understanding of neural information processing. Here we evaluated the use of µECoG for detailed cortical recording of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in an ovine model. The approach to the cortex was planned using an MRI-based 3D model of the sheep's brain. We describe a minimally extended surgical procedure allowing placement of two different µECoG grids on the somatosensory cortex. With this small craniotomy, the frontal sinus was kept intact, thus keeping the surgical site sterile and making this approach suitable for chronic implantations. We evaluated the procedure for chronic implantation of an encapsulated µECoG recording system. During acute and chronic recordings, significant SEP responses in the triangle between the ansate, diagonal, and coronal sulcus were identified in all animals. Stimulation of the nose, upper lip, lower lip, and chin caused a somatotopic lateral-to-medial, ipsilateral response pattern. With repetitive recordings of SEPs, this somatotopic pattern was reliably recorded for up to 16 weeks. The findings of this study confirm the previously postulated ipsilateral, somatotopic organization of the sheep's sensory cortex. High gamma band activity was spatially most specific in the comparison of different frequency components of the somatosensory evoked response. This study provides a basis for further acute and chronic investigations of the sheep's sensory cortex by characterizing its exact position, its functional properties, and the surgical approach with respect to macroanatomical landmarks.

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Differences between primary somatosensory cortex- and vertex-derived somatosensory-evoked potentials in the rat

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Coupling between somatosensory evoked potentials and hemodynamic response in the rat

Coupling between somatosensory evoked potentials and hemodynamic response in the rat

Somatosensory-evoked potentials indicate increased unpleasantness of noxious stimuli in response to increasing stimulus intensities in the rat

Mapping of sheep sensory cortex with a novel microelectrocorticography grid

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