Differences between short- and long-term cultures of Uronema marinum (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) in chemiluminescence inhibitory activity, antioxidative enzyme and protease activity

Kwon, Se Ryun; Kim, Chun Soo; Kim, Ki Hong

doi:10.1016/s0044-8486(03)00114-5

Cited by 24 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The general features of the ciliates examined in the present study seem to suggest that they belong to the class Scuticociliatia, probably to the order Philasterida (Small 1967, Kwon et al 2003), which has been described by several authors as comprising opportunistic and histophagous ciliate parasites.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Scuticociliate infection and pathology in cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus from the north of Portugal

Ramos¹,

Costa²,

Barandela³

et al. 2007

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Scuticociliate infection and pathology in cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus from the north of Portugal

Ramos¹,

Costa²,

Barandela³

et al. 2007

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…In the current study, axenically cultured ciliates had clearly different virulence than primary cultured ciliates of the same origin but, interestingly, virulence increased after axenic culture for ciliate B but decreased for ciliate A. Kwon et al (2003) reported extracts from long-term cultures of Uronema marinum to have a lower protease activity, and less effect on olive flounder phagocyte respiratory burst than short-term cultures of that histophagous scuticociliate. A possible relation to a lower infection potential, although suggested by the authors, was not experimentally demonstrated.…”

Section: Virulence Assaysmentioning

confidence: 41%

“…Several authors use bacteria as a food source for different species from marine waters (Parker 1976, Nerad and Daggett 1992, Pérez-Uz 1995, Crosbie and Munday 1999. Some authors describe the maintenance of ciliates in saltwater, at least for short terms, by feeding fish brain tissue (Yoshinaga and Nakazoe 1993, Kwon et al 2003). However, culture of marine scuticociliates in axenic conditions has also been described, using relatively simple media and even chemically defined media (see Nerad and Daggett 1992).…”

Section: In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histophagous scuticociliatids (Ciliophora) parasitizing turbot Scophthalmus maximus: morphology, in vitro culture and virulence

Álvarez-Pellitero¹,

Palenzuela²,

Padrós³

et al. 2004

FOLIA PARASIT

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Abstract. Systemic ciliatosis caused by histophagous ciliates constitutes a serious disease of cultured turbot. Six ciliate isolates were obtained from parasitized turbot during six epizootics at four different farms located in Spain, France and Portugal. Axenic cultures of the six isolates were obtained by periodical subculturing in ATCC 1651MA or supplemented L-15 media. In basal media or seawater, the parasites could survive starving for long periods with no apparent proliferation. In adequate media, growth kinetics was found to be very similar for isolates A and B, with a clear influence of temperature. Morphological studies demonstrated that all isolates share common features that allows their assignment to either Philasterides Kahl, 1931 or Miamiensis Thompson et Moewus, 1964. However, statistically significant differences were evident in pairwise comparisons of the isolates from the four farm sites in 16 taxonomically relevant morphometric features. This could allow the discrimination of different species or strains. Virulence of isolates A and B for healthy turbot was tested in several experiments. Differences in the virulence were especially evident after long-term in vitro culturing, isolate A being clearly attenuated after 35-42 passages, whereas isolate B became more virulent after 20-42 passages. The need of further studies to confirm such virulence variability and its implications in pathogenesis and prevention of turbot scuticociliatoses is stressed.Scuticociliates are ciliate protozoans (Ciliophora) occurring abundantly in eutrophic coastal and saprobic maricultural waters. Some of them can behave as opportunistic histophagous parasites causing severe infections in crustaceans and fish. Small (1967) proposed the new order Scuticociliatida including the suborders Pleuronematina, Pseudocohnilembina and Philasterina. Further revisions of the Ciliophora (Lynn and Small 2000) granted scuticociliates the level of subclass (Scuticociliatia), and the suborder Philasterina was ranked as order (Philasterida). Since the criteria used hitherto to classify the families, genera and species of scuticociliates have been variable, the taxonomy of these organisms is currently rather confusing.Recently, different scuticociliates have become an important threat for cultured marine fish such as tuna and different flatfish. Fatal encephalitis of bluefin tuna, attributed to Uronema nigricans, was reported by Munday et al. (1997). Among flatfish, Jee et al. (2001) described scuticociliatosis of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. In turbot, different episodes of scuticociliatosis have been reported in Spain (Dyková and Figueras 1994, Iglesias et al. 2001, authors' unpublished data) and Norway (Sterud et al. 2000). Only in one of these turbot epizootics the causative organism was identified to specific level as Philasterides dicentrarchi Dragesco, Dragesco, Coste, Gasc, Romestand, Raymond et Bouix, 1995by Iglesias et al. (2001. This species was originally described from an episode of Mediterranean seabass (Dice...

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“…These opportunistic histophagus parasites are characterized by their high potential for systemically invading the host and occasionally pathogenic causing high mortalities (Lom and Dyková, 1992;Kim et al, 2004a). Mortalities occurred in cultured marine fish (Dyková and Figueras, 1994;Dragesco et al, 1995;Munday et al, 1997;Iglesias et al, 2001) like olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Jee et al, 2001;Kwon et al, 2003;Kim et al, 2004a, b) and in seahorse Hippocampus erectus (Thompson and Moewus, 1964). Scuticociliates primarily infect the gills, skin, and sometimes systemically affect the internal organs and brain of fish resulting to high mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of scuticociliate Philasterides dicentrarchi from indo-pacific seahorses Hippocampus kuda

Shin¹,

Han²,

Gomez³

et al. 2011

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The "indo-pacific seahorses", Hippocampus kuda which had been reared in one of the private commercial aquaria for exhibition were sent to the laboratory for diagnosis. Feces and intestinal contents from 5 seahorses were examined microscopically and revealed numerous scuticociliates. We identified the species of scuticociliate by light (wet mount) and scanning electron microscopy, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and sequencing. This paper reports the first identification of scuticociliate Philasterides dicentrarchi from seahorse in Korea.

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Differences between short- and long-term cultures of Uronema marinum (Ciliophora: Scuticociliatida) in chemiluminescence inhibitory activity, antioxidative enzyme and protease activity

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Scuticociliate infection and pathology in cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus from the north of Portugal

Scuticociliate infection and pathology in cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus from the north of Portugal

Histophagous scuticociliatids (Ciliophora) parasitizing turbot Scophthalmus maximus: morphology, in vitro culture and virulence

Identification of scuticociliate Philasterides dicentrarchi from indo-pacific seahorses Hippocampus kuda

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