Differences Between Single and Double Eyelid Anatomy in Asians Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy

Abstract

Single eyelids showed slightly thicker SOOC in the pre-tarsal area and at the eyelid crease but not 5 mm above the eyelid crease. The levator aponeurosis, Mueller muscle-conjunctival complex, and tarsus showed no differences in thickness.

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“…Several studies proposed that the causes of absent or lower eyelid crease include thicker soft tissue layer esp. orbicularis oculi muscle and submuscularis fibroadipose tissue (SMFAT), weaker dermal extension of levator aponeurosis, and lower fusion point of orbital septum and levator aponeurosis [3][4][5]. However, none of those theories have been universally accepted ma or glaucoma suspected or other diseases that potentially affect visual field.…”

Ultrasound biomicroscopy image patterns in normal upper eyelid and congenital ptosis in the Indian population

“…Eyelid is a complex structure with varied anatomical differences between different races. Various studies have highlighted the anatomical variation in the diverse Asian population and its surgical implications[ 13 14 15 16 17 ] Different pathologies involving eyelid range from simple inclusion cyst, chalazion, traumatic laceration, ptosis and blepharochalasis to multiple benign and malignant tumors. Various surgeries are performed to treat different conditions and correct the abnormalities due to its sequelae.…”

“…[ 10 11 12 ] Recent studies have documented dynamic imaging of fat pad in lower eyelids and the anatomical difference in various races using UBM. [ 9 13 ] This anatomical knowledge would certainly translate into meticulous surgery with fine esthetic outcome.…”

“…[ 4 5 ] A few studies have delineated the eyelid morphology using UBM in normal and ptosis patients. [ 9 10 11 12 13 ] However, no studies in the literature have outlined the various changes in different subtypes of congenital blepharoptosis using UBM.…”

“…Many differences with their surgical implications are being lately identified and studied using various techniques, especially in the Asian eyelid. [ 13 14 15 16 17 ] Prior studies have utilized MRI with an ultrafine surface coil to image the eyelid structures including levator aponeurosis. [ 18 19 ] However, UBM allows easy, time-saving, cost-effective, noninvasive and high-resolution imaging of upper eyelid allowing preoperative assessment of various structures of the eyelid.…”