Differences in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and quality of physical and mental health between transgender and cisgender sexual minorities

Schnarrs, Phillip W.; Stone, Amy L.; Salcido, Robert; Baldwin, Aleta; Georgiou, Charlotte; Nemeroff, Charles B.

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.09.001

Cited by 125 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A slightly less pronounced pattern was evident when comparing the experiences of TGD to male participants, with TGD participants being significantly more likely to have experienced emotional and sexual abuse, and emotional neglect. These results lend support to the findings from Schnarrs et al (2019), who found transgender participants were more likely to experience emotional abuse and both physical and emotional neglect than cisgender individuals. Albeit it is unknown in this paper whether these trauma types differed according to whether a person was a cisgender man or a cisgender woman, specifically.…”

Section: Principal Findingssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…More recent research has also sought to understand how gender-that is, a person's personal and social identity, which may or may not correspond to their sex assigned at birth-is associated with the experience of trauma (Cantor et al, 2015;Coulter et al, 2015;Schnarrs et al, 2019). Research on trauma and ACEs fairly consistently indicates that transgender individuals (i.e., people whose gender is different to what was presumed for them at birth) are at higher risk for trauma, particularly sexual assault, than their cisgender counterparts (i.e., individuals whose gender identity does match their sex assigned at birth; Cantor et al, 2015;Coulter et al, 2015) and compared to the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Craig et al, 2020). For instance, a recent study among 477 American sexual and gender minority individuals revealed that transgender individuals were more likely to experience emotional abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect than cisgender individuals (OR = 1.90, OR = 1.87, OR = 1.70, respectively; Schnarrs et al, 2019). Two recent systematic reviews have further highlighted the high risk of childhood abuse among transgender and gender non-conforming individuals, with prevalence estimates of up to 100 % (Blondeel et al, 2018;Tobin & Delaney, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Early trauma and associations with altruistic attitudes and behaviours among young adults

Prior

Carvalheiro

Lawler

et al. 2021

Child Abuse & Neglect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Childhood and adolescent traumas are exceptionally prevalent worldwide. Despite their high prevalence and substantial impact, little research has investigated the rates and specific types of early trauma by gender. It is also unknown whether the types of early trauma are differentially associated with heightened or hindered prosocial attitudes and behaviours. Objective: To address this gap, this study aims to explore the rates of different types of early trauma (i.e., abuse: sexual, physical, and emotional; neglect: physical and emotional) among young Australian adults and investigate whether these differ according to participant gender (female, male and transgender/gender diverse). The study will also examine the associations between the different types of early trauma and current altruistic attitudes and behaviours (including the affective, behavioural and cognitive altruism domains), among a young adult Australian cohort. Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from 511 young Australians aged 18-20 years using an online self-report survey. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that transgender/gender diverse individuals were over 3-times more likely to experience all types of maltreatment than females and over 3-times more likely to experience emotional and sexual abuse and emotional neglect than males. Experiencing one or more trauma types was negatively associated with the cognitive domain of altruism, experiencing physical neglect was associated with the affective domain, and having a family member involved in domestic violence was associated with the behavioural domain, after controlling for gender. Conclusions: Findings show how early traumatic experiences can influence individuals' attitudes and behaviours during the pivotal developmental period of young adulthood.

show abstract

Section: Principal Findingssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Early trauma and associations with altruistic attitudes and behaviours among young adults

Prior

Carvalheiro

Lawler

et al. 2021

Child Abuse & Neglect

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As discussed above, rates of early life adversity are higher in individuals with developmental disabilities [138][139][140]. Rates of trauma are also higher in youth in the LGBTQ community [233,234]. Few studies have been published in this area.…”

Section: Limitations/future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders

Lippard

Nemeroff

2020

AJP

Self Cite

352

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A large body of evidence has demonstrated that exposure to childhood maltreatment at any stage of development can have long-lasting consequences. It is associated with a marked increase in risk for psychiatric and medical disorders. This review summarizes the literature investigating the effects of childhood maltreatment on disease vulnerability for mood disorders, specifically summarizing cross-sectional and more recent longitudinal studies that demonstrate childhood maltreatment is more prevalent and associated with increased risk for first mood episode, episode recurrence, greater comorbidities, and increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempts in individuals with mood disorders. It summarizes the persistent alterations associated with childhood maltreatment, including alterations in the HPA axis and inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to disease vulnerability and a more pernicious disease course. We discuss several candidate genes and environmental factors, for example alcohol/substance use, that may alter disease vulnerability and illness course and neurobiological associations that may mediate these relationships following childhood maltreatment. Studies provide insight into modifiable mechanisms and provide direction to improve both treatment and prevention strategies. "It is not the bruises on the body that hurt. It is the wounds of the heart and the scars on the mind."

show abstract

“…The online screening survey asked basic demographic information, measures of community connectedness, questions about LGBTQ health, the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and ten questions to measure Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) (Dube et al, 2003). The ACEs questions were added due to growing evidence that adult LGBTQ health differences may be a consequence of family trauma rather than adult LGBTQ experiences (Austin, Herrick, & Proescholdbell, 2016;Schnarrs et al, 2019). ACEs questions captured childhood neglect, abuse (physical, emotional, sexual) and household dysfunctions, including having an adult family member in prison, who has been diagnosed with a mental illness, or with a substance abuse problem.…”

Section: Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“My meemaw is a Cool Ass Person”: Family Members as Role Models of Resilience for Sexual and Gender Diverse People of Color

Stone

Nimmons

Salcido³

et al. 2020

Journal of GLBT Family Studies

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The families of people of Color and indigenous people (POCI) are often analyzed as hostile institutions for sexual and gender diverse (SGD) adults. Using 58 interviews with SGD POCI from the Strengthening Colors of Pride 2018 Interview Study, we argue that Black and Latinx SGD adults gain resilience from family role models, mostly resilient mothers and othermothers. These resilient family members model three things: 1) how to overcome adversity and trauma, 2) being providers, and 3) emotional strength. This resilient modeling facilitates the adult resilience of SGD POCI who are navigating the complexity of intersections of race, sexuality, gender, poverty, and childhood trauma.

show abstract

Differences in adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and quality of physical and mental health between transgender and cisgender sexual minorities

Cited by 125 publications

References 16 publications

Early trauma and associations with altruistic attitudes and behaviours among young adults

Early trauma and associations with altruistic attitudes and behaviours among young adults

The Devastating Clinical Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect: Increased Disease Vulnerability and Poor Treatment Response in Mood Disorders

“My meemaw is a Cool Ass Person”: Family Members as Role Models of Resilience for Sexual and Gender Diverse People of Color

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About