Differences in Antibodies Against Blood Group, HBV, and Salmonella Regarding Protein Content, Activity, and Affinity in Black and Yellow Healthy Individuals

Abstract

Background: Black and Yellow individuals of various ethnic populations may differ in the immunity to infectious diseases. Objectives: Our study aimed to explore and compare the detailed production characteristics (protein, activity, and affinity) of antibodies against blood group (natural antibodies), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and Salmonella typhi to find the differences in anti-infectious immunity between Black and Yellow populations. Methods: Serum samples of Black and Yellow healthy individuals were collected, diluted in serial dilutions, and several immunological methods were used. Entire antibody features of all antibodies were calculated, according to the results obtained for each dilution. Results: The affinity of natural antibodies, anti-HBs, and S. typhi O antibody was significantly higher among Black individuals than Yellow individuals (P < 0.05). The activity of all antibodies among Blacks was higher than Yellow individuals (P < 0.05). The protein content of all antibodies was significantly higher among Blacks (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Clearly, differences between Black and Yellow individuals for protein, activity, and affinity among different antibodies may lead to exploring the differences in anti-infectious immunity or understanding the incidence of infectious diseases among different races.

Quantitative Assessment of an Artificial Neural Network for the Variation in Immunity to Salmonella Infection Among Sudanese and Chinese Populations and the Relationship Between HLA-DQB1 and Antibody: A Preliminary Study

“…In the present study, our primary detection results values of antibody parameters showed a high difference in Sudanese ( Figure 1B) and among Chinese ( Figure 2B). The high antibody parameters usually develop at the end course period of infection leading to the clearance of antigens (16,34,35). In addition, our findings showed a high variation of the HLA-DQB1 alleles among Sudanese ( Figure 1A) and in Chinese (Figure 2A).…”

“…The affinity of S. typhi O antibody was calculated according to that described by Tamomh and Liu (34) in which serum samples were serially diluted 20-, 40-, 80-, and 160fold; then the reaction was measured under standard condition (PBS condition) and after changing the standard condition (urea condition). Finally, the values of these dilutions were analyzed using agglutination reaction method, and the corresponding agglutination reaction score values for each dilution were recorded and the value of each reaction condition calculated.…”

Differences of Total Activity and Heat Tolerance of Complement in Plasma Between Black and Yellow Populations

“…3 and Table 4. Complement is an element which sensitive to heat, and the level of total activity and the heat tolerance of complement varies between individuals may express the state of various infections or diseases, and differences of individuals immune responses [1,6,7,29,30]. Accordingly, measuring and detecting the total activity and heat tolerance of complement between two ethnic groups, as Sudanese and Chinese populations, could expect or predict the health status or individuals immune status.…”