“…We have previously shown that microinjection of carbachol into areas adjacent to the LH, including the ventral thalamus (Holden et al, 2014; Jeong & Holden, 2009a), the nigrostriatal bundle (Holden, Van Poppel, & Thomas, 2002) and the internal capsule (Holden et al, 2002, 2014; Holden, Farah, & Jeong, 2005) produces withdrawal latencies similar to baseline measurements. It has also been well-established that areas adjacent to the LH, including the PH (Jeong & Holden, 2009b; Jeong, Moes, Wagner, & Holden, 2012), the dorsal hypothalamic nucleus (Biagioni et al, 2013) and certain places in the thalamus (Son, Kim, Kim, & Lee, 2014) all produce antinociception.…”