Differences in cervical cancer screening and follow-up for black and white women in the United States

Ford, Sabrina; Tarraf, Wassim; Williams, Karen Patricia; Roman, Lee Anne; Leach, Richard E.

doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2020.11.027

Cited by 29 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Here, we accounted for both of these factors in our analysis, and this may explain the lack of differences in Pap testing between non‐Hispanic Black participants and White counterparts. Similarly to our findings, a recent study using 2010 NHIS data that examined differences in cervical cancer screening by race alone among Black and White survey participants found that Black participants reported greater odds of undergoing Pap testing 40 . However, they did identify disparities in the receipt of follow‐up recommendations and care and highlighted areas of systemic racism relating to inadequate cervical cancer prevention despite higher odds of initial screening.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The intersection of sexual orientation with race and ethnicity in cervical cancer screening

Stenzel

Bustamante

Sarkin

et al. 2022

Cancer

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BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer screening is recommended for those with a cervix who are 21 to 65 years old, with specific timelines being dependent on individual risk. This study compared rates of ever undergoing Papanicolaou (Pap) testing at the intersection of selfreported sexual minority (SM) status and race/ethnicity. METHODS: Data from the National Health Interview Survey (2015 and were used to examine cervical cancer screening disparities. Natal females without a history of hysterectomy who were 21 to 65 years old and had reported their sexual orientation and Pap testing history were included. Demographic and health characteristics were summarized with descriptive statistics. To adjust for differences in confounding variables between groups, propensity score-based inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed. IPTW-adjusted multivariable logistic regression models estimated odds of ever undergoing a Pap test by sexual orientation alone and with race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic). RESULTS: SM persons (n = 877) had significantly reduced odds of ever undergoing Pap testing (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.70) in comparison with heterosexual persons (n = 17,760). When the intersection of sexual orientation and race/ethnicity was considered, non-Hispanic White SM participants and Hispanic SM participants had reduced odds of ever undergoing Pap testing in comparison with non-Hispanic White heterosexual participants. No significant differences were observed between non-Hispanic White heterosexual participants and participants of non-Hispanic Black SM or Hispanic heterosexual identities. CONCLUSIONS: SM participants were significantly less likely to have ever undergone a Pap test in comparison with heterosexual participants, with Hispanic SM participants having the lowest uptake. Future studies should further examine the roles of systemic discrimination and other key drivers of these disparities.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

The intersection of sexual orientation with race and ethnicity in cervical cancer screening

Stenzel

Bustamante

Sarkin

et al. 2022

Cancer

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“…Screening rates are similar between Black women and White women (88% vs 86%, respectively) (Table 8), although self‐reported rates may be overreported among Black women 76 . Given similar self‐reported screening rates, the stage disparity is likely because of differences in the quality of screening and/or timely follow‐up of abnormal results 162‐165 . Black women have lower survival than White women for every stage of diagnosis (Fig.…”

Section: Selected Cancer Sitesmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…76 Given similar selfreported screening rates, the stage disparity is likely because of differences in the quality of screening and/or timely follow-up of abnormal results. [162][163][164][165] Black women have lower survival than White women for every stage of diagnosis (Fig. 8), likely reflecting disparities in access to care and receipt of high-quality treatment.…”

Section: Uterine Cervixmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022

Giaquinto

Miller

Tossas

et al. 2022

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

386

228

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African American/Black individuals have a disproportionate cancer burden, including the highest mortality and the lowest survival of any racial/ethnic group for most cancers. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths for Black people in the United States and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence (herein through 2018), mortality (through 2019), survival, screening, and risk factors using population‐based data from the National Cancer Institute and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2022, there will be approximately 224,080 new cancer cases and 73,680 cancer deaths among Black people in the United States. During the most recent 5‐year period, Black men had a 6% higher incidence rate but 19% higher mortality than White men overall, including an approximately 2‐fold higher risk of death from myeloma, stomach cancer, and prostate cancer. The overall cancer mortality disparity is narrowing between Black and White men because of a steeper drop in Black men for lung and prostate cancers. However, the decline in prostate cancer mortality in Black men slowed from 5% annually during 2010 through 2014 to 1.3% during 2015 through 2019, likely reflecting the 5% annual increase in advanced‐stage diagnoses since 2012. Black women have an 8% lower incidence rate than White women but a 12% higher mortality; further, mortality rates are 2‐fold higher for endometrial cancer and 41% higher for breast cancer despite similar or lower incidence rates. The wide breast cancer disparity reflects both later stage diagnosis (57% localized stage vs 67% in White women) and lower 5‐year survival overall (82% vs 92%, respectively) and for every stage of disease (eg, 20% vs 30%, respectively, for distant stage). Breast cancer surpassed lung cancer as the leading cause of cancer death among Black women in 2019. Targeted interventions are needed to reduce stark cancer inequalities in the Black community.

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“…Previous studies assessed knowledge and attitudes toward cervical cancer screening among racial and ethnic minority women, finding knowledge of HPV and cervical cancer screening may be lower among Asian, Black, and Hispanic women. [10][11][12][13] To improve population-level cervical cancer screening rates, populationbased assessment of the most common reasons for underscreening, particularly among historically underserved populations, is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of US Preventive Services Task Force Guideline–Concordant Cervical Cancer Screening Rates and Reasons for Underscreening by Age, Race and Ethnicity, Sexual Orientation, Rurality, and Insurance, 2005 to 2019

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCECervical cancer screening rates are suboptimal in the US. Population-based assessment of reasons for not receiving screening is needed, particularly among women from historically underserved demographic groups. OBJECTIVE To estimate changes in US Preventive Service Task Force guideline-concordant cervical cancer screening over time and assess the reasons women do not receive up-to-date screening by sociodemographic factors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This pooled population-based cross-sectional study used data from the US National Health Interview Survey from 2005 and 2019. A total of 20 557 women (weighted, 113.1 million women) aged 21 to 65 years without previous hysterectomy were included.

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Differences in cervical cancer screening and follow-up for black and white women in the United States

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

The intersection of sexual orientation with race and ethnicity in cervical cancer screening

The intersection of sexual orientation with race and ethnicity in cervical cancer screening

Cancer statistics for African American/Black People 2022

Assessment of US Preventive Services Task Force Guideline–Concordant Cervical Cancer Screening Rates and Reasons for Underscreening by Age, Race and Ethnicity, Sexual Orientation, Rurality, and Insurance, 2005 to 2019

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