Differences in Dietary Intake and Activity Level Between Normal-Weight and Overweight or Obese Adolescents

Garaulet, Marta; Martínez, Andrea; Victoria, Flor Marlene Luna; Pérez‐Llamas, Francisca; Ortega, Rosa M.; Zamora, Salvador

doi:10.1097/00005176-200003000-00008

Cited by 77 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The lack of relationship observed in the total sample is consistent with a number of epidemiological and experimental studies, which have also failed to find that reported energy intake predicts weight status (2)(3)(4)32,33). Such negative findings have been used in support of the view that positive energy balance is primarily a result of low levels of energy expenditure, minimizing the contributions of energy intake to positive energy balance, weight gain, and obesity (2-4).…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Results from this study do not support the view that obese and overweight children and adolescents consume significantly fewer calories than normal weight children (3,4,32,33), and provide evidence that under-reporting is common and that the magnitude of under-reporting tends to increase as weight status increases. This simple screening procedure can be used to identify individuals as plausible and implausible under-and over-reporters to compare individuals across reporting categories, which allows for a better understanding of sources of reporting bias and the impact of reporting bias on the relation between reported energy intake and weight status.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

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Plausible Reports of Energy Intake May Predict Body Mass Index in Pre-Adolescent Girls

Savage

Mitchell²,

Smiciklas‐Wright³

et al. 2008

Journal of the American Dietetic Association

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Inaccurate reporting of energy intake makes it difficult to study the associations between diet and weight status. This study examined reported energy intake at age 9 years as a predictor of girls' body mass index (BMI) at age 11 years, before and after adjusting for parents' BMI and girls' pubertal status. This prospective, observational cohort study included 177 non-Hispanic white girls and their parents. When the subjects were 9 years of age, three 24-hour recalls were used to categorize girls as plausible or implausible over-reporters and under-reporters based on previously published methods. Height and weight was measured to calculate BMI. Linear and hierarchical regression analyses were used to predict girls' BMI. Results revealed that girls who under-reported had significantly higher BMIs than plausible and overreporters. Among the total sample and among implausible reporters, reported energy intake was not a significant predictor of BMI; however, among plausible reporters, reported energy intake explained 14% of the variance in BMI and remained a significant predictor after adjusting for parental BMI and girls' pubertal status. Systematic bias related to underreporting in dietary data can obscure relationships with weight status, even among young girls. A relatively simple analytical procedure can be used to identify the magnitude and nature of reporting bias in dietary data.Obesity and overweight are due to an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, in which intake exceeds expenditure (1). Among youth, previous research has failed to consistently reveal positive relations between reported energy intake and weight status (2-4). This has led to the conclusion that low energy expenditure, rather than excessive energy intake, is responsible for weight gain and an increase in overweight among adolescents (2). However, failure to note relations between reported energy intake and weight status may be due to bias in reporting dietary intake. Doubly labeled water studies reveal weight-related reporting bias among older children and adults, with heavier children under-reporting to a greater extent than thinner children (5-9).Although doubly labeled water studies provide clear evidence for bias in reporting of energy intake (9-12), it is expensive and laboratory-based, which is not feasible for use in screening most studies. Recently, Huang and colleagues developed screening procedures, using the logic developed in the use of doubly labeled water studies, to allow the classification of individuals as plausible, under-reporters, and over-reporters (13,14) The purpose of this research was to examine the extent to which girls' reported energy intake assessed at age 9 years predicted girls' body mass index (BMI) at age 11 years, before and after adjusting for pubertal status and parent BMI. Girls were classified as plausible or implausible under-reporters and over-reporters, based on the method of Huang and colleagues (15), to test the hypothesis that (1) under-reporters would be heavier than ...

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Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Plausible Reports of Energy Intake May Predict Body Mass Index in Pre-Adolescent Girls

Savage

Mitchell²,

Smiciklas‐Wright³

et al. 2008

Journal of the American Dietetic Association

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…52,54 Studies that provided evidence for both energy intake and energy expenditure, found that children with a higher BMI had greater energy intake and lower Energy imbalance and childhood obesity SN Bleich et al physical activity than children with a lower BMI. 60,61 Finally, one study found that neither intake nor expenditure significantly differed between obese and non-obese children. 62 Longitudinal studies.…”

Section: Energy Imbalance and Childhood Obesity Sn Bleich Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative contribution of energy intake and energy expenditure to childhood obesity: a review of the literature and directions for future research

Bleich

Wang³

2010

Int J Obes

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Background: Understanding the relative importance of overconsumption and physical inactivity to excess weight gain among children and adolescents can contribute to the development and evaluation of interventions and policies to reduce childhood obesity. However, whether energy intake or expenditure is the dominant contributor to childhood obesity is a subject of debate. To date, no study has systematically reviewed the literature on this subject. Methods: We searched PubMed and Ovid Medline (January 1970 to January 2010) for potentially relevant English-language abstracts and obtained full-text articles for the abstracts, which passed the initial inclusion-exclusion criteria. Reference lists of full-length articles were hand searched to identify additional studies potentially relevant for inclusion. Relevant studies were characterized into one of the following three categories: cross-sectional studies with a nationally representative sample, crosssectional studies among population subgroups and longitudinal studies.Results: This review identified 26 studies examining factors related to energy intake, energy expenditure and obesity among children and adolescents. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies suggest that the primary determinant of energy imbalance at both the population and the individual levels is not definitive. Our findings further suggest that there is wide variation in data quality between studies. Future research in this area should aim to improve the accuracy of measures of energy intake, expenditure and their net balance over time; capitalize on under-utilized, non-traditional data sources, which have not been widely used; use modeling techniques to synthesize studies of shorter follow-up period and different outcome measures; and examine the unique determinants of energy imbalance among demographic groups at higher risk for obesity. Conclusions: On the basis of the current evidence, there is no consensus on the main driver of secular trends on weight gain among US children and adolescents. More research and better methods are needed to identify the relative contribution of energy intake and energy expenditure to obesity in the pediatric population.

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“…We tested the hypotheses that (1) lifestyle factors such as high percentage of kilojoules as dietary fat (%FAT), [11][12][13] low vigorous PA (VPA), 2,14 and their interaction would be associated with higher %BF and VAT in black and white adolescents, (2) sedentary behaviours such as television and/ or movie viewing (TV/MOVIE) and use of computer and/or videogames (COMP/VGAME) 15 would be associated with greater adiposity, and (3) intake of foods considered beneficial for health, preventive of CVD, 16 and linked with lower BMI or maintenance of a normal weight (i.e. dairy foods, 17,18 fruits and vegetables, 19,20 and whole grain foods 21,22 ), would be associated with lower adiposity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General and visceral adiposity in black and white adolescents and their relation with reported physical activity and diet

et al. 2007

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Background: Excess body fat accumulation may begin in youth and is linked with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Examination of physical activity (PA) and diet behaviours predictive of adiposity may help target efforts to reduce chronic disease risk. Objective: We hypothesized that energy intake (EI) from fat, vigorous PA (VPA), and their interaction would predict body fat percentage (%BF) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in youth and that sedentary behaviours and intake of dairy, fruit, vegetable and whole grain foods would be related to adiposity. Design: A cross-sectional, observational study of reported PA and diet behaviours and objective adiposity measures. Subjects: Six-hundred sixty-one healthy black and white adolescents aged 14-18 years. Measurements: Diet by 24-h recalls using Nutrition Data Systems for Research (Minneapolis, MN, USA), VPA by previous day physical activity recalls (PAR), and %BF with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VAT by magnetic resonance imaging for 434 subjects. Results: Reported EI and VPA were positively correlated with each other and were negative predictors of %BF. Time spent watching television or movies and %EI from protein were positive predictors of %BF. Adjusted for EI, none of the independent variables predictive of %BF retained their significance. %BF and VAT were highly correlated (r ¼ 0.73, Po0.0001). EI was the sole and negative predictor of VAT. Conclusions: Higher energy 'throughput', not energy restriction, characterize leaner youths. Youths should be advised to engage in VPA so that they can eat sufficient calories to obtain the nutrients required for optimal health while remaining lean.

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Differences in Dietary Intake and Activity Level Between Normal-Weight and Overweight or Obese Adolescents

Abstract: There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in the adolescent population studied (48.2% in boys and 30.7% in girls). The study shows an association between overweight and obesity and nutrient intake and activity level.

Cited by 77 publications

References 15 publications

Plausible Reports of Energy Intake May Predict Body Mass Index in Pre-Adolescent Girls

Plausible Reports of Energy Intake May Predict Body Mass Index in Pre-Adolescent Girls

Relative contribution of energy intake and energy expenditure to childhood obesity: a review of the literature and directions for future research

General and visceral adiposity in black and white adolescents and their relation with reported physical activity and diet

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