Differences in Expression of Selected Interleukins in HIV-Infected Subjects Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

Szymańska, Beata; Jurkowska, Karolina; Knysz, Brygida; Piwowar, Agnieszka

doi:10.3390/v14050997

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 29 publications

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“…It has been reported that accumulation of ICAM-1, TNF-RII, VCAM-1, and D-dimer in the vessel wall is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndrome and is mediated by the interaction between adhesion molecules on endothelial and circulating cells ( 28 , 29 ). Proinflammatory cytokine IL-8 ( 30 ) and inductive cytokine IL-7 were elevated ( 31 ) in HIV infection and promote virus replication ( 32 ). The immune-metabolic networks revealed that HIV suppression through ART attenuates the pro-inflammatory status and risk for cardiovascular disease but might contribute to dysregulation of lipid and amino acid metabolisms in the meantime.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered plasma metabolites and inflammatory networks in HIV-1 infected patients with different immunological responses after long-term antiretroviral therapy

Lu,

Yang,

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundChronic metabolic changes relevant to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and in response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain undetermined. Moreover, links between metabolic dysfunction caused by HIV and immunological inflammation in long-term treated individuals have been poorly studied.MethodsUntargeted metabolomics and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed in 47 HIV-infected individuals including 22 immunological responders (IRs) and 25 non-responders (INRs) before and after ART. The IRs and INRs were matched by age, gender, baseline viral load, and baseline CD4+T cell counts. Another 25 age-matched uninfected healthy individuals were also included as controls.ResultsAmong the 770 plasma compounds detected in the current study, significant changes were identified in lipids, nucleotides, and biogenic amino acids between HIV-infected patients and healthy controls. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Random Forest (RF) model suggested that levels of selected metabolites could differentiate HIV-infected patients clearly from healthy controls. However, the metabolite profiles identified in our patients were similar, and only three metabolites, maltotetraose, N, N-dimethyl-5-aminovalerate, and decadienedioic acid (C10:2-DC), were different between IRs and INRs following long-term ART. The pathway enrichment analysis results revealed that disturbances in pyrimidine metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, and purine metabolism after HIV infection and these changes did not recover to normal levels in healthy controls even with suppressive ART. Correlation analysis of the metabolism-immune network indicated that interleukin (IL)-10, D-dimer, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and TNF-RII were positively correlated with most of the significantly changed lipid and amino acid metabolites but negatively correlated with metabolites in nucleotide metabolism.ConclusionsSignificant changes in many metabolites were observed in HIV-infected individuals before and after ART regardless of their immunological recovery status. The disturbed metabolic profiles of lipids and nucleotides in HIV infection did not recover to normal levels even after long-term ART. These changes are correlated with modified cytokines and biomarkers of chronic non-AIDS events, warranting tryout of interventions other than ART.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered plasma metabolites and inflammatory networks in HIV-1 infected patients with different immunological responses after long-term antiretroviral therapy

Lu,

Yang,

Yang

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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show abstract

Altered plasma metabolites and inflammatory networks in HIV-1 infected patients with different immunological responses after long-term antiretroviral therapy

Yang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Chronic metabolic changes relevant to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and in response to antiretroviral therapy (ART) remain undetermined. Moreover, links between metabolic dysfunction caused by HIV and immunological inflammation in long-term treated individuals have been poorly studied. Methods: Untargeted metabolomics and inflammatory cytokine levels were assessed in 50 HIV-infected individuals including 25 immunological responders (IRs) and 25 non-responders (INRs) before and after ART. The IRs and INRs were matched by age, gender, baseline viral load and baseline CD4+T cell counts. Another 25 age-matched uninfected healthy individuals were also included as controls. Results: Among the 770 plasma compounds detected in the current study, significant changes were identified in lipids, nucleotides, and biogenic amino acids between HIV-infected patients and healthy controls. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Random Forest (RF) model suggested that levels of selected metabolites could differentiate HIV infected patients clearly from healthy controls. However, only three metabolites including maltotetraose, N,N-dimethyl-5-aminovalerate and decadienedioic acid (C10:2-DC) were different between IRs and INRs following long-term ART. The pathway enrichment analysis results revealed that disturbances in pyrimidine metabolism、sphingolipid metabolism and purine metabolism after HIV infection and these changes did not recover to normal levels in healthy controls even with suppressive ART. Correlation analysis of the metabolism-immune network indicated that interleukin (IL)-10, D-dimer, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and TNF-RII were positively correlated with most of the significantly changed lipid and amino acid metabolites, but negatively correlated with metabolites in nucleotide metabolism. Conclusions: Significant changes of many metabolites were observed in HIV-infected individuals before and after ART, regardless of their immunological recovery status. The disturbed metabolic profiles of lipids and nucleotides in HIV infection did not recover to the normal levels even after long-term ART. These changes are correlated with modified cytokines and biomarkers of chronic non-AIDS events, warranting try out of interventions other than ART.

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Viral infections in etiology of mental disorders: a broad analysis of cytokine profile similarities – a narrative review

Lorkiewicz,

Waszkiewicz

2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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The recent pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the associated mental health complications have renewed scholarly interest in the relationship between viral infections and the development of mental illnesses, a topic that was extensively discussed in the previous century in the context of other viruses, such as influenza. The most probable and analyzable mechanism through which viruses influence the onset of mental illnesses is the inflammation they provoke. Both infections and mental illnesses share a common characteristic: an imbalance in inflammatory factors. In this study, we sought to analyze and compare cytokine profiles in individuals infected with viruses and those suffering from mental illnesses. The objective was to determine whether specific viral diseases can increase the risk of specific mental disorders and whether this risk can be predicted based on the cytokine profile of the viral disease. To this end, we reviewed existing literature, constructed cytokine profiles for various mental and viral diseases, and conducted comparative analyses. The collected data indicate that the risk of developing a specific mental illness cannot be determined solely based on cytokine profiles. However, it was observed that the combination of IL-8 and IL-10 is frequently associated with psychotic symptoms. Therefore, to assess the risk of mental disorders in infected patients, it is imperative to consider the type of virus, the mental complications commonly associated with it, the predominant cytokines to evaluate the risk of psychotic symptoms, and additional patient-specific risk factors.

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Differences in Expression of Selected Interleukins in HIV-Infected Subjects Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

Altered plasma metabolites and inflammatory networks in HIV-1 infected patients with different immunological responses after long-term antiretroviral therapy

Altered plasma metabolites and inflammatory networks in HIV-1 infected patients with different immunological responses after long-term antiretroviral therapy

Altered plasma metabolites and inflammatory networks in HIV-1 infected patients with different immunological responses after long-term antiretroviral therapy

Viral infections in etiology of mental disorders: a broad analysis of cytokine profile similarities – a narrative review

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