Differences in Fat-Free Mass According to Serum Vitamin D Level and Calcium Intake: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2011

Abstract

We analyzed the differences in fat-free mass (FFM) according to serum vitamin D level (VitD) and daily calcium intake (Ca) in 14,444 adults aged over 19 years. We used data from the 4th and 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2008–2011). FFM was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. VitD was classified as insufficient or sufficient (cutoff: 20 ng/mL). Ca was classified as unsatisfactory or satisfactory (recommended daily intake: 700 mg). In men, the FFM of group 2 (VitD ≥ 20 ng/mL; Ca < 700 mg), group 3 (VitD < 20 ng/mL; Ca ≥ 700 mg) and group 4 (VitD ≥ 20 ng/mL; Ca ≥ 700 mg) was 0.50 kg (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.084–0.92), 0.78 kg (95% CI, 0.26–1.29) and 1.58 kg (95% CI, 0.95–2.21) higher than that of group 1 (VitD < 20 ng/mL; Ca < 700 mg), respectively. In women, a 1 ng/mL increase in VitD was associated with a 0.023 kg increase in FFM (95% CI, 0.003–0.043) and a 1 g increase in Ca was associated with a 0.62 kg increase in FFM (95% CI, 0.067–1.16). High VitD and Ca were associated with a high FFM.

Vitamin D improves autoimmune diseases by inhibiting Wnt signaling pathway

“…Other studies 17,18 have revealed a correlation between VitD deficiency and tissue fat thickness. That supplementation with VitD3 can reduce weight gain and fat accumulation in mice has confirmed, and the study showed that the body weight of C57BL/6 mice on a high‐fat diet changed significantly after continuous supplementation with VitD3 for 10 weeks 19,20 . Nevertheless, We observed no significant difference in body weight between the VitD supplemented group and MRL/LPR mice after continuous intervention for 6 weeks.…”

“…That supplementation with VitD3 can reduce weight gain and fat accumulation in mice has confirmed, and the study showed that the body weight of C57BL/6 mice on a high-fat diet changed significantly after continuous supplementation with VitD3 for 10 weeks. 19,20 Nevertheless, We observed no significant difference in body weight between the VitD supplemented group and MRL/LPR mice after continuous intervention for 6 weeks. We considered two possible reasons for this: first, the obesity mechanism of MRL/LPR mice was different from that of high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/ 6 mice, and second, there was insufficient time for VitD supplementation.…”

From the Bench to the Bedside: Branched Amino Acid and Micronutrient Strategies to Improve Mitochondrial Dysfunction Leading to Sarcopenia

“…In line, in animal models, diet-induced vitamin D deficiency leads to the manifestation of sarcopenia symptoms in skeletal muscles, including muscle weakness, decreased muscle force and physical performance, and reduced mitochondrial activity [ 129 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 ]. Moreover, reduced vitamin D levels have been associated with decreased muscular mass and strength in different human cohorts [ 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 ]. Despite these association studies and the biological plausibility of the link between vitamin D and muscle health, intervention studies are conflicting.…”