Differences in foliage quality of young jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) on burned and clearcut sites: effects on jack pine budworm (Choristoneura pinus pinus Freeman)

McCullough, Deborah G.; Kulman, H. M.

doi:10.1007/bf00323791

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Pollen cone production is associated with greater survival of early instars of jack pine budworm (C. pinus pinus) larvae (119). Caging experiments demonstrated that larval survival was related to foliar nitrogen concentration (100,101). These data suggest that even when species composition does not change, ecological effects of fire may be long-lasting and affect susceptibility of stands to insect damage.…”

Section: Fire and Quality Of Host Plantsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Fire and Insects in Northern and Boreal Forest Ecosystems of North America

McCullough

Werner

Neumann

1998

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

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354

218

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Fire and insects are natural disturbance agents in many forest ecosystems, often interacting to affect succession, nutrient cycling, and forest species composition. We review literature pertaining to effects of fire-insect interactions on ecological succession, use of prescribed fire for insect pest control, and effects of fire on insect diversity from northern and boreal forests in North America. Fire suppression policies implemented in the early 1900s have resulted in profound changes in forest species composition and structure. Associated with these changes was an increased vulnerability of forest stands to damage during outbreaks of defoliating insects. Information about the roles that both fire and insects play in many northern forests is needed to increase our understanding of the ecology of these systems and to develop sound management policies.

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Section: Fire and Quality Of Host Plantsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Fire and Insects in Northern and Boreal Forest Ecosystems of North America

McCullough

Werner

Neumann

1998

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

Self Cite

354

218

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“…Managers who hope to restore fire to its natural role should consider the benefits that would accrue to other areas fTom using fire to reduce the hazard these forests may represent as sources for budworm outbreaks. In this regard, consider that McCullough and Kulman (1991) found that survival of the jack pine budworm in northwest Wisconsin was =...likely to be lower on trees regenerating after wildfire than on trees regenerating after clearcutting. Low budworm survival was consistently associated with reduced foliar nitrogen on trees in the burned areas.…”

Section: Assessing Defoliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population dynamics of the major North American needle-eating budworms.

Campbell¹

1993

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Data from six western States provided 1,251 life tables representing western spruce budworm, Chodstoneura occidentalis Freeman. These data provided projection capabilities for defoliation and successive budworm densities, as well as a basis for comparing survival rates among the three principal North American needle-eating budworms (western and eastern spruce budworms, and the jack pine budworm). Several modifications are suggested in current methods for managing budworm-susceptible forests, and suggestions are provided for further studies on the budworm life systems.Keywords: Western spruce budworm, eastern spruce budworm, jack pine budworm, life table, population dynamics, survival, site and stand attributes, interstand influences, year-to-year changes, insecticide treatment, weather, Choristoneura, predators, birds, ants, density dependence, host defenses, hazard rating. Extended, AbstractThe data for this study were collected between 1959 and 1988 from nine projects in six western States (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, and New Mexico). This data base provided both 1,251 life tables and hundreds of additional survival-rate fragments representing populations of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman. These data were analyzed to produce projection capabilities for defoliation and successive budworm densities (eggs, nominal fourth instars, emerging moths, and egg masses) as functions of preceding density, site and stand attributes, interstand influences, systematic year-to-year changes in survival, recent insecticide treatment, and weather. Some of these results were then used to compare survival rates in western spruce budworm with equivalent rates found in populations of the other principal North American needle-eating budworms--the eastern spruce budworm, C. fumiferana (Clem.), and the jack pine budworm, C. pinus Freeman.Across an outbreak, generation survival shows similar declines in the three budworms. For example, in each of the three budworm life systems, predation processes appear to be paramount in maintaining sparse densities. More specifically, in innocuous western spruce budworm populations, the combined effects of predaceous birds and ants provide a low stable equilibrium that can maintain populations at low densities indefinitely, at least in the Pacific Northwest. Apparently, the combined effects of these predators on large larvae and pupae is highest when budworm density reaches about one or two fourth instars per m 2 of foliage. From this density to about 50 fourth instars per m 2, average survival from fourth instar to adults increases with increasing density, then declines again (from processes that are not usually related to predation) as density continues to increase. Trends in all three species also are heavily influenced by density-related mass flights by gravid moths.Other comparisons, however, show that the three life systems differ in some fundamental ways. For example, across a multiyear outbreak, drastic density-dependent reductions oc...

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“…Previous studies comparing the results of fire and clear-cutting in northern forests have focussed on various aspects of the ecosystem, such as size and shape of the disturbance (Delong and Tanner, 1996;Gluck and Rempel, 1996), tree growth and chemistry (McCullough and Kulman, 1991;Lussier et al, 1992), soil nutrients (Simard et al, 2001), and plant (Noble et al, 1977;Abrams and Dickmann, 1982;Carleton and MacLellan, 1994;Johnston and Elliott, 1996), mammal (Zwolak, 2009), bird (Hobson and Shieck, 1999), and arthropod (Baker et al, 2004;Buddle et al, 2006) diversity. Most of those studies have found some difference between the effects of fire and clear-cutting, although not all results were consistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%