Differences in frost hardiness of two Norway spruce morphotypes growing at Mt. Brocken, Germany

Kathke, Sabine; Bruelheide, Helge

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2010.09.007

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…PD and BH were more similar to LG than to VL, as expected. This is common behaviour in other species such as Pinus sylvestris L. (Persson et al 2010), Picea abies L. Karst (Kathke and Bruelheide 2011), and even in some deciduous species of the genus Fagus, Quercus (Vitasse et al 2011) and Castanea sativa Mill., in which autumn bud damage to different populations has been related to low temperatures of their places of origin (Díaz et al 2009). This would confer great importance to provenance (genotype) in the process of cold acclimation and resistance to autumn frost damage.…”

Section: Importance Of the Provenances On Autumn Frost Resistance Andmentioning

confidence: 84%

Genotype and environment: two factors related to autumn cold hardiness on Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.)

Guàrdia

Savè

Díaz

et al. 2013

Annals of Forest Science

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HAL is a multidisciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Genotype and environment: two factors related to autumn cold hardiness on Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.

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Section: Importance Of the Provenances On Autumn Frost Resistance Andmentioning

confidence: 84%

Genotype and environment: two factors related to autumn cold hardiness on Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.)

Guàrdia

Savè

Díaz

et al. 2013

Annals of Forest Science

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“…In addition, association of crown architecture with temperature, altitude, and precipitation had previously been reported [4,7,13]. Moreover, trees with high elevation phenotypes showed a higher frost hardiness than low elevation phenotypes, while both "morphotypes" had sufficient frost tolerance to prevent late frost damage [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

High Morphological Differentiation in Crown Architecture Contrasts with Low Population Genetic Structure of German Norway Spruce Stands

Caré

Müller

Vornam

et al. 2018

Forests

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High elevation sites in the low mountain ranges in Germany are naturally covered by Norway spruce (Picea abies (Karst.) L.) stands. Historically, large scale anthropogenic range expansion starting in the mid to late 18th century had a huge impact on the forest composition throughout Germany. Utilisation and exploitation often led to artificial regeneration, mostly carried out using seeds from allochthonous provenances. Usually, autochthonous (natural) high elevation Norway spruce trees have narrow crown phenotypes, whereas lowland trees have broader crowns. Narrow crown phenotypes are likely the result of adaptation to heavy snow loads combined with high wind speeds. In the present study, neighbouring stand pairs of putative autochthonous and allochthonous origin with contrasting phenotypes in high elevation sites were investigated with 200 samples each. These stands are located in the Ore Mountains, the Thuringian Forest, and the Harz Mountains. Additionally, a relict population with the typical narrow high elevation phenotypes was sampled in Thuringia, known as “Schlossbergfichte”. The objective of the study was to quantify supposedly adaptive phenotypic differences in crown architecture and the genetic differentiation of 11 putatively neutral nuclear microsatellite markers (i.e., simple sequence repeats (nSSRs)). The high differentiation of morphological traits (PST = 0.952–0.989) between the neighbouring autochthonous and allochthonous stands of similar age contrasts with the very low neutral genetic differentiation (FST = 0.002–0.007; G″ST = 0.002–0.030), suggesting that directional selection at adaptive gene loci was involved in phenotypic differentiation. Comparing the regions, a small isolation by distance effect for the Harz Mountains was detected, suggesting landscape resistance restricting gene flow. Finally, the differentiation of the very old autochthonous (up to 250 years) stand “Schlossbergfichte” with typical high elevation phenotypes could cohere with the sampling of a relict genepool.

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“…Even the lowest measured frost hardiness of any adult tree (i.e., A. glutinosa with a frost hardiness of -22.6 °C) was high enough to safely survive under the climatic winter conditions in the study region. Many studies has investigated local adaptation to frost, demonstrating a relationship between frost hardiness and the climatic conditions of the populations' geographic origins, with species from northern provenances or higher elevation being more frost tolerant than species from southern provenances or lower elevation (Beuker et al 1998, Jensen & Deans 2004, Aldrete et al 2008, Kathke & Bruelheide 2011, Kreyling et al 2012. In particular, species with a wide distribution range such as Quercus robur L. have developed ecotypes with respect to frost hardiness (Deans & Harvey 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between frost hardiness of adults and seedlings of different tree species

Hofmann¹,

Jager²,

Bruelheide³

2014

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionOut of all factors worldwide that potentially limit geographical distribution ranges of plants, minimum temperatures are considered the most important (Woodward 1987, Dahl 1998, Holten 1998. In particular, frost is thought to be the cause of northern and eastern distribution range boundaries of plant species in Europe (Sakai & Larcher 1987, Pither 2003, Kreyling 2010. The coincidence between species distribution boundaries and freezing temperature thresholds has been already demonstrated for various plant species (Sakai & Larcher 1987, Huntley 1990, Woodward 1997. For example, Fagus sylvatica L. does not occur in regions with a mean temperature in January below -3 °C (Bolte et al. 2007). However, these observations are purely based on correlations and knowledge on which plant organs are affected by frost in which phenological state is virtually absent. Low temperatures affect individuals directly or indirectly by frost dehydration (Pearce 2001, Beck et al. 2004, whereby single cells up to the whole organism can be damaged (Weiser 1970, Pearce 2001. Thus, tree species in the northern hemisphere have evolved a certain frost hardiness despite the high energetic costs involved (Huner et al. 1998). Frost hardiness of European plant species shows a seasonal pattern and at the end of the growing season it is induced by decreasing temperatures (Xin & Browse 2000, Repo et al. 2001, Beck et al. 2004 and is brought about by accumulation of carbohydrates and dehydration of the cells, tissues and organs (Siminovitch & Briggs 1953, Sakai & Larcher 1987, Améglio et al. 2004, Thomas et al. 2004, Morin et al. 2007, Callister et al. 2008.Long-lived plant species go through various development stages with different environmental condition requirements. It is wellknown that frost hardiness varies along the plant life cycle (Sakai & Larcher 1987, Bigras et al. 2004, Taschler et al. 2004, with seedlings exhibiting a lower frost hardiness than adults. For example, Morin et al. (2007) showed for different European Quercus species that adults were significantly more frosttolerant than seedlings. However, despite such differences in frost tolerance between adults and juveniles, one would expect that frost tolerance mechanisms of different ontogenetic stages are similar for a given species. Moreover, seedlings and adults might not share the same micro-environment but are exposed to the same macro-climate at any growth location. In consequence, the survival and growth of seedlings of the tree species Acer pictum subsp. mono (Maximowicz) H. Ohashi and Fagus crenata Blume were found to be in accordance with the distribution patterns of the adult individuals of these species in Japan (Masaki et al. 2005).Periods of low temperatures are critical events in the development of tree seedlings. While seeds of temperate tree species are generally frost-tolerant down to -196 °C (Sakai & Larcher 1987), they lose frost hardiness with the onset of germination (Marcante et al. 2012). As most temperate an...

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Differences in frost hardiness of two Norway spruce morphotypes growing at Mt. Brocken, Germany

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Genotype and environment: two factors related to autumn cold hardiness on Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.)

Genotype and environment: two factors related to autumn cold hardiness on Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.)

High Morphological Differentiation in Crown Architecture Contrasts with Low Population Genetic Structure of German Norway Spruce Stands

Relationship between frost hardiness of adults and seedlings of different tree species

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