Differences in Growth in vitro of Adipose Cells from Normal and Obese Patients

Ng, Charmaine; Poznanski, W. J.; Borowiecki, M.T.; Reimer, G.

doi:10.1038/231445a0

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…45,46 Although mild obesity is usually hypertrophic in nature, more severe obesity or obesity arising in childhood results from an increase in both cell size (hypertrophy) and cell number (hyperplasia). 47 Extensive research into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the development of mature fat cells has uncovered the identification of adipocyte precursor cells (preadipocytes) 48 as well as an elaborate adipocyte replication/differentiation program. 20,21,47,[49][50][51][52] It is now well recognized that adipose cells in animals and humans can be acquired via adipogenesis (the development of mature fat cells from preadipocyte precursor cells) at any stage of life.…”

Section: Dynamics Of Adipocyte Gain and Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous fat in normal and diseased states

Avram

Avram²,

James

2005

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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Section: Dynamics Of Adipocyte Gain and Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcutaneous fat in normal and diseased states

Avram

Avram²,

James

2005

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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“…Following the development of methods for separating WAT into adipocyte and stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) ( 27 ), the source of these new adipocytes was determined by Hollenberg and Vost ( 28 ): using tritiated thymidine to monitor DNA synthesis in WAT, they detected temporal progression of radioactivity from the SVF to mature adipocytes, thereby inferring the presence of an adipocyte precursor cell in the SVF ( 28 ). Shortly thereafter, studies reported growth of fi broblast-like cells from the SVF that are capable of adipogenesis (29)(30)(31). This led to the designation of these stromal vascular cells (SVCs) as "primary" preadipocytes, setting the stage for extensive characterization of the mechanisms regulating adipogenesis and WAT expansion.…”

Section: Adipose Tissue Enters the World Of Multipotent Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue stem cells meet preadipocyte commitment: going back to the future

Cawthorn

Scheller

MacDougald

2012

Journal of Lipid Research

372

323

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with ill health. Such stigmatization distracts from a fascinating aspect of WAT biology: its enormous plasticity as an organ. Indeed, WAT is capable of massive expansion and contraction in response to chronic alterations in energy balance, accounting for as little as 5% body mass in extremely lean athletes ( 1 ) or as much as 60% body mass in morbidly obese individuals ( 2 ). Moreover in rodents, rabbits, and humans, WAT can regenerate following lipectomy ( 3-6 ). This striking degree of plasticity is unique among organs in adults. On a cellular level, WAT expansion is driven by both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipocytes ( 7-13 ). Even in nonexpanding WAT, adipocytes renew frequently to compensate for adipocyte death, with approximately 10% of adipocytes renewed annually ( 14,15 ). These data, which indicate that committed adipocyte progenitors (preadipocytes) exist within WAT, are the product of decades of research motivated largely by our desire to understand adipose tissue in the context of obesity and related diseases. Preadipocytes exist in adipose tissueThough the notion of obesity as a disease has existed since at least the time of Hippocrates ( 16 ), investigation into the origins of the adipocyte and the individual contributions of adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia to adipose bulk began in earnest only after the appearance of the stem cell concept, as related to blood cells, in the early 1900s ( 17 ). In the 1940s, histologic observations of the appearance of adipocytes in chambers implanted in the ears of live rabbits suggested that de novo fat formation was Abstract White adipose tissue (WAT) is perhaps the most plastic organ in the body, capable of regeneration following surgical removal and massive expansion or contraction in response to altered energy balance. Research conducted for over 70 years has investigated adipose tissue plasticity on a cellular level, spurred on by the increasing burden that obesity and associated diseases are placing on public health globally. This work has identifi ed committed preadipocytes in the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue and led to our current understanding that adipogenesis is important not only for WAT expansion, but also for maintenance of adipocyte numbers under normal metabolic states. At the turn of the millenium, studies investigating preadipocyte differentiation collided with developments in stem cell research, leading to the discovery of multipotent stem cells within WAT. Such adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) are capable of differentiating into numerous cell types of both mesodermal and nonmesodermal origin, leading to their extensive investigation from a therapeutic and tissue engineering perspective. However, the insights gained through studying ASCs have also contributed to more-recent progress in attempts to better characterize committed preadipocytes in adipose tissue. Thus, ASC research has gone back to its roots, thereby expanding our knowledge of preadipocyte commitment and adipose tissue biology. -Cawthorn, W. P., E. ...

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“…It is then followed by an increase in the number of adipocytes (also called hyperplasia) [22,24,25]. Hyperplasia involves precursor cells' (preadipocytes) replication/differentiation program [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Modest weight gain results usually from adipocyte hypertrophy while severe obesity is associated with both hypertrophy and hyperplasia of fat cells [19].…”

Section: Growth and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%