Differences in incidence of injury between rural and urban children in Canada and the USA: a systematic review

Kim, Kyungsu; Ozegovic, Dejan; Voaklander, Donald C.

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2011-040306

Cited by 70 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…The underlying mechanism may be a higher exposure to a wider range of hazards in the living environment, and lack of means of protection 64. A large proportion of indigenous people live in remote areas, and remoteness, in turn, has been linked with higher rates of injuries 65 66. This has been attributed to greater exposure to risk factors, in particular, for transport-related injuries, and reduced access to and lower quality of healthcare in remote areas 54.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been attributed to greater exposure to risk factors, in particular, for transport-related injuries, and reduced access to and lower quality of healthcare in remote areas 54. Higher rates of transport injuries have been explained by longer travelling distances, poorer quality roads, driver fatigue, failure to use seatbelts, alcohol and drug use, overcrowding of cars, unsafe cars and travelling at higher speeds 11 15 65 67 – 69. Road safety measures might also be less vigorously enforced in remote areas,4 and the autonomous legal status of reservations might lead to different road safety laws and less stringent law enforcement 2 40…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inequalities in unintentional injuries between indigenous and non-indigenous children: a systematic review

et al. 2014

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Indigenous children experience a significantly higher burden of morbidity and mortality from unintentional injuries across different indigenous communities worldwide. Most of these injuries are highly preventable, presenting substantial potential to improve indigenous child health. However, there is limited evidence to illuminate the underlying risk factors for unintentional injuries in indigenous children, and this is a priority for further research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequalities in unintentional injuries between indigenous and non-indigenous children: a systematic review

et al. 2014

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“…After excluding bathtub drowning deaths to analyze drownings possibly related to swimming and/or water safety skills, men and women from rural areas had a significantly higher risk of drowning compared with their non-rural counterparts. Previous studies have found rural residency to be associated with an increased risk of drowning, but the majority of these studies were restricted to pediatric drowning deaths (Fang et al, 2007;Hammig & Weatherly, 2003;Kim, Ozegovic, & Voaklander, 2012;Ma et al, 2010;Rahman et al, 2006;Svenson et al, 1996;World Health Organization, 2012). Our study is unique in that we included all ages of drowning victims.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have suggested that increased access to open water compounded with decreased access to swimming lessons in rural areas may explain the difference in drowning rates (Fang et al, 2007). A systematic review from North America of drowning deaths and other preventable injuries suggested that socioeconomic status and access to medical care might also explain the higher rates of injury in rural areas (Kim et al, 2012). Further, aboriginal people are at increased risk of drowning and aboriginal groups are more likely to live in rural Ontario (Frohlich, Ross, & Richmond, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Drowning Rates between Rural and Non-Rural Residents of Ontario, Canada

Fralick¹,

Gallinger²,

Hwang³

2013

IJARE

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“…31 The NOS Cohort uses 8 criteria to evaluate selection bias, cohort comparability, and outcome assessment and has been used in another injury-related review. 32 The NOS Case Control uses 8 criteria to evaluate selection bias, comparability of groups, and exposure ascertainment. We modified the NOS Case Control to better serve the needs of this review (Supplemental Table 5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Bicycling Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Embree¹,

Romanow²,

Djerboua³

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

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CONTEXT: Child and adolescent bicycling is beneficial, but injuries occur and can be severe and costly.OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the individual and environmental factors associated with bicycling injury risk in children and adolescents.DATA SOURCES: Fourteen electronic databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION:Two authors independently assessed potentially relevant articles for eligibility. The inclusion criteria were as follows: bicyclists younger than 20 years old; examined individual and environmental characteristics of bicycling crashes; compared injured and uninjured bicyclists or bicyclists with different types or severity of injury; study designs with a predetermined comparison group; and published in English from January 1990 to May 2015. The exclusion criteria were outcomes related to helmet use, helmet legislation, or mountain biking, and comparisons of census-based injury rates.DATA EXTRACTION: Data on study design, setting, population, injury definitions, injury risk factors, and results were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed by using the NewcastleOttawa Scales. RESULTS:Fourteen articles were included. Lower socioeconomic status, riding on the road, riding in rural compared with urban areas, and riding on the sidewalk were associated with bicycling injury. Bicycling safety education did not protect children against future injury. Injuries related to a motor vehicle collision were more severe than other bicycling injuries. LIMITATIONS:Study heterogeneity prevented meta-analyses. Study quality was affected by inadequate definitions of study groups and self-reported data. CONCLUSIONS:Lower socioeconomic status and riding location were associated with bicycling injury and severity increased with motor vehicle collisions. The bicycling environment is a promising avenue for prevention. Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; and c Postgraduate Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Ms Embree conceptualized and designed the study selection and data extraction processes and tools, coordinated study selection, assessed articles for inclusion, extracted and analyzed data, drafted the initial manuscript, and revised the manuscript; Ms Romanow conceptualized and designed the review, carried out the literature searches, and critically reviewed the manuscript; Ms Djerboua assessed articles for inclusion, extracted and analyzed data, and critically reviewed the manuscript; Ms Morgunov conceptualized and designed the review, carried out the literature searches, assessed articles for inclusion, drafted the initial Bicycling is an excellent form of physical activity for children and adolescents and an environmentally friendly form of transportation. 1, 2 However, bicyclists constitute 2% to 8% of child road traffic-related deaths and 3% to 15% of child road traffic-related injuries worldwide. 3 In Canada, bicycling injuries are among the top 3 causes of unintentional injury hospitaliz...

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Differences in incidence of injury between rural and urban children in Canada and the USA: a systematic review

Cited by 70 publications

References 68 publications

Inequalities in unintentional injuries between indigenous and non-indigenous children: a systematic review

Inequalities in unintentional injuries between indigenous and non-indigenous children: a systematic review

Differences in Drowning Rates between Rural and Non-Rural Residents of Ontario, Canada

Risk Factors for Bicycling Injuries in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

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