Differences in Individual-Level Terrorism Preparedness in Los Angeles County

Eisenman, David; Wold, Cheryl; Fielding, Jonathan E.; Long, Anna C. J.; Setodji, Claude Messan; Hickey, Scot; Gelberg, Lillian

doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.09.001

Cited by 119 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The positive association of higher education level with stockpiling is consistent with previous studies [11,25]. However, for other preparedness activities, especially carrying prescription/treatment records and an emergency communication plan, the opposite associations were observed.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…A recent study that used the survey data of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the USA concluded that vulnerable populations were more likely to have a supply of medication but less likely to have an emergency evacuation plan than their healthier counterparts [12]. These findings are not consistent with those of other studies in which the preparedness activities and vulnerability variables investigated varied between study [11,[13][14][15]. In addition, in these studies, differences in preparedness status according to the level of vulnerability, such as disability level and functional status, among the medically vulnerable populations chosen for study were not fully examined, even though understanding the preparedness status at a specific level of vulnerability is essential for more effective and efficient public health interventions.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…The percentages of these patients who adopted medical and general preparedness measures were generally similar to or lower than those reported in previous studies, although each of these earlier studies used slightly different definitions of the variables [11][12][13]15]. Because the subjects belonged to a patient group, the percentages could be much lower among the general population of RA patients.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…In general, older subjects were better prepared than their younger counterparts, as has been reported in previous studies [11,13]. However, while such associations were true for the young-old (aged 65-74 years) subgroup for all preparedness activities, they were not true for the old-old (aged C75 years) for some activities, such as an evacuation plan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

“…It is important to understand the differences in preparedness level/activity required of various subpopulations because different public health messages, programs, and distribution channels may be necessary to improve the preparedness of these different subgroups [11]. A recent study that used the survey data of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in the USA concluded that vulnerable populations were more likely to have a supply of medication but less likely to have an emergency evacuation plan than their healthier counterparts [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparity in disaster preparedness among rheumatoid arthritis patients with various general health, functional, and disability conditions

Tomio

Sato

Mizumura

2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives To describe disaster preparedness among chronically ill patients and to examine how differences in health, functional, and disability conditions are associated with disaster preparedness, focusing on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with various functional and disability levels. Methods In 2007, 1,477 members of a nationwide RA patient group in Japan who lived in municipalities affected by natural disasters between 2004 and 2006 were asked to participate in a questionnaire survey. Three medical preparedness indicators, namely, medication stockpiles, the carrying of medications, and the carrying of prescription/ treatment records, and three general preparedness indicators, namely, having emergency packs, emergency communication plans, and emergency evacuation plans, were used as dependent variables. Multivariable logistic models were applied to examine the associations of health-related vulnerability variables with the preparedness variables. Results Of the 553 subjects included into the analysis, only one-half had taken medical preparedness measures and only one-quarter had taken general preparedness measures. Although physical disability and poorer functional level were associated positively with the medical preparedness, those with poorer perceived health were less likely to carry medications and prescription/treatment records, and those receiving the highest long-term care levels were less likely to carry medications than their healthier counterparts.Conclusions Among the population of chronically ill RA patients surveyed, disaster preparedness was insufficient, and their preparedness status varied with health, functional, and disability conditions. We suggest that policy-makers should give careful thought to the targets they set for disaster preparedness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 40%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disparity in disaster preparedness among rheumatoid arthritis patients with various general health, functional, and disability conditions

Tomio

Sato

Mizumura

2011

Environ Health Prev Med

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Planning for Chronic Disease Medications in Disaster: Perspectives From Patients, Physicians, Pharmacists, and Insurers

Carameli

Eisenman

Blevins

et al. 2013

Disaster med. public health prep.

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AbstractBackgroundRecent US disasters highlight the current imbalance between the high proportion of chronically ill Americans who depend on prescription medications and their lack of medication reserves for disaster preparedness. We examined barriers that Los Angeles County residents with chronic illness experience within the prescription drug procurement system to achieve recommended medication reserves.MethodsA mixed methods design included evaluation of insurance pharmacy benefits, focus group interviews with patients, and key informant interviews with physicians, pharmacists, and insurers.Results and DiscussionMost prescriptions are dispensed as 30-day units through retail pharmacies with refills available after 75% of use, leaving a monthly medication reserve of 7 days. For patients to acquire 14- to 30-day disaster medication reserves, health professionals interviewed supported 60- to 100-day dispensing units. Barriers included restrictive insurance benefits, patients’ resistance to mail order, and higher copay-ments. Physicians, pharmacists, and insurers also varied widely in their preparedness planning and collective mutual-aid plans, and most believed pharmacists had the primary responsibility for patients’ medication continuity during a disaster.ConclusionsTo strengthen prescription drug continuity in disasters, recommendations include the following: (1) creating flexible drug-dispensing policies to help patients build reserves, (2) training professionals to inform patients about disaster planning, and (3) building collaborative partnerships among system stakeholders. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:257-265)

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Psychological Distress Among Nurses Caring for Victims of War in Sri Lanka

Jayawardene

YoussefAgha

Lajoie

et al. 2013

Disaster med. public health prep.

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AbstractObjectiveTo determine prevalence and factors associated with psychological distress among nurses caring for war victims in Sri Lanka.MethodsDescriptive, cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 241 nurses from 2 hospitals with stratified random sampling according to workstation. Self-administered 30-item General Health Questionnaire was used to detect psychological distress.ResultsThe prevalence of psychological distress was 21%. Female sex was found to be the most significant predictor of psychological distress among nurses. Factors, such as being married, having children, or both, were found to be protective. High exposure to war victims, measured by the frequency with which a nurse tended to those patients, also resulted in less psychological distress.ConclusionsThe prevalence of psychological distress is higheramong nurses in this study compared with that among the general population. Brief screening instruments, such as the General Health Questionnaire, can be used to identify individuals at risk for psychological distress. Results suggest that the presence of a social support network helped to psychologically buffer these nurses. Findings also imply the importance of promoting positive attitudes and beneficial stress (eustress) to complement a well-developed focus on distress prevention. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:278-286)

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Differences in Individual-Level Terrorism Preparedness in Los Angeles County

Cited by 119 publications

References 14 publications

Disparity in disaster preparedness among rheumatoid arthritis patients with various general health, functional, and disability conditions

Disparity in disaster preparedness among rheumatoid arthritis patients with various general health, functional, and disability conditions

Planning for Chronic Disease Medications in Disaster: Perspectives From Patients, Physicians, Pharmacists, and Insurers

Psychological Distress Among Nurses Caring for Victims of War in Sri Lanka

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