Differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity of Caucasian and African American prepubertal children

Uwaifo, Gabriel I.; Nguyen, Thutrang T.; Keil, Margaret F.; Russell, Deserea L.; Nicholson, Jennifer; Bonat, Sandra; McDuffie, Jennifer R; PhD, .; Yanovski, Jack A.

doi:10.1067/mpd.2002.124312

Cited by 49 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…There are well-documented ethnic disparities in insulin concentrations and ac- tions between African Americans and Caucasians (20,21), which were less evident in our study population. There is a progressive deterioration of insulin sensitivity as severity of overweight progresses, but once children reach a certain overweight threshold (RBMI Ͼ150%), insulin sensitivity reaches a maximum deterioration of 55-70% (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Racial Disparity in Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Inflammation Markers Among Severely Obese Adolescents

et al. 2008

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OBJECTIVE -Compared with Caucasians, obese African-American adolescents have a higher risk for type 2 diabetes. Subclinical inflammation and reduced glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) concentration are linked to the pathogenesis of the disease. We determined the relationship between insulin resistance, ␤-cell activity, and subclinical inflammation with GLP-1 concentrations and whether racial disparities in GLP-1 response were present in 49 obese adolescents (14 Ϯ 3 years; 76% African American; 71% female). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Subjects underwent physical examinationand an oral glucose tolerance test. We measured levels of high-sensitivity CRP (CRP hs ), fibrinogen, glucose, GLP-1 total , GLP-1 active , and insulin. Insulin and glucose area under the curve (AUC), insulinogenic index (⌬I30/⌬G30), and composite insulin sensitivity index (CISI) were computed. Subjects were categorized by race and as inflammation positive (INFϩ) if CRP hs or fibrinogen were elevated.RESULTS -No racial differences were seen in mean or relative BMI. Thirty-five percent of subjects had altered fasting or 2-h glucose levels (African American vs. Caucasian, NS), and 75% were INFϩ (African American vs. Caucasian, P ϭ 0.046). Glucose and insulin, CISI, and ⌬I30/⌬G30 values were similar; African Americans had lower GLP-1 total AUC (P ϭ 0.01), GLP-1 active at 15 min (P ϭ 0.03), and GLP-1 active AUC (P ϭ 0.06) and higher fibrinogen (P ϭ 0.01) and CRP hs (NS) compared with Caucasians.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 43%

Racial Disparity in Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Inflammation Markers Among Severely Obese Adolescents

et al. 2008

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“…Other studies have observed multiple associations of cardiovascular risk factors in young cohorts [17][18][19][20] in a pattern that closely resembles the disorders observed in older-aged groups 21 . Studies on obesity and insulin resistance in children offer the potential to identify factors influencing the early development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes before their onset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Associação do índice de massa corporal e da resistência à insulina com síndrome metabólica em crianças brasileiras

Ferreira¹,

Nóbrega²,

França³

2009

Arq. Bras. Cardiol.

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“…Among 2,996 Bogalusa Study participants aged 5-17 years, the difference in median concentrations of insulin between whites and African Americans was larger among females than males (3). However, in one study, the ethnic difference was eliminated after adjustment for fat mass quantified using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (26). Factors that may account for the difference between African-American and white children and adolescents include lower insulin clearance, lower insulin sensitivity, and higher insulin secretion (24 -28).…”

Section: Research Design Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age, Sex, and Ethnic Variations in Serum Insulin Concentrations Among U.S. Youth

Ford

Imperatore

et al. 2006

Diabetes Care

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OBJECTIVE—Distributions of serum concentrations of insulin among adolescents and young adults are poorly understood in the U.S. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of serum insulin across demographic characteristics of U.S. adolescents and young adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 1,791 male and female subjects aged 12–19 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1999–2002 were included in the analyses. RESULTS—Among male participants, serum concentrations of insulin increased from age 12 to 14 years before decreasing. Among female participants, concentrations were highest at age 13 years before decreasing steadily through age 19 years. Among participants aged 12–17 years but not those aged 18–19 years, females had higher mean log-transformed concentrations than males (P, Wald, F = 0.038 and 0.125, respectively) after adjusting for age and ethnicity. After adjusting for age and BMI percentile, mean log-transformed concentrations were higher in African-American females aged 12–17 years than in white or Mexican-American participants. No significant ethnic differences were found among female participants aged 18–19 years or male participants aged 12–19 years. Concentrations of insulin increased strongly with increasing levels of BMI. CONCLUSIONS—These results provide detailed information about serum concentrations of insulin in a representative sample of U.S. adolescents and young adults and may be useful to monitor future trends of this risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

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Differences in insulin secretion and sensitivity of Caucasian and African American prepubertal children

Cited by 49 publications

References 32 publications

Racial Disparity in Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Inflammation Markers Among Severely Obese Adolescents

Racial Disparity in Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Inflammation Markers Among Severely Obese Adolescents

Associação do índice de massa corporal e da resistência à insulina com síndrome metabólica em crianças brasileiras

Age, Sex, and Ethnic Variations in Serum Insulin Concentrations Among U.S. Youth

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